Description of the Remains of a Mammoth . 228 
all. The lake No. 6 derives its name from two famous 
adventurers, Backoff and Schalauroun, who spent a 
whole winter on its banks. We still see the ruins of a 
cabin in which they resided. The history of their unfor- 
tunate end is told by M. Sauer in his Journal of Bil- 
lings’s expedition. 
The isthmus we have mentioned is so narrow at some 
places that the sea may be seen on both sides. The rein- 
deer perform a periodical transmigration every year, 
during which they abandon these places, in order to pro- 
ceed by the Frozen Sea towards Borsehaya and Uit- 
jansk, and for this purpose they collect in large troops 
about autumn. In order to hunt these animals with 
greater prospect of success, the To on gooses have divi- 
ded the peninsula into cantons, separated by palings. 
They frighten the deer by loud cries, which they utter 
all at once, by letting dogs loose at them, and by fans 
which they attach to the palings, and which are agitated 
by the wind. The terrified rein-deer throw themselves 
into the water in order to reach some neighbouring 
island, where they are pursued and killed by the hun- 
ters. 
On the third day of our journey we pitched our tents a 
few hundred pases from the mammoth, upon a hillock 
called Kembisagashaeta, which signifies the stone with 
the broad side. 
Schoumachoff related to me the history of the dis- 
covery of the mammoth in nearly the following 
terms ~ 
“ The Toungouses, who are a wandering people, seldom 
remain long in one place. Those who live in the forests 
often spend ten years and more in traversing the vast re- 
gions among the mountains : during this period they ne- 
ver visit their homes. Each family lives in an isolated 
state from the rest; the chief takes care of them, and 
