Surveying without Instruments* 
Intersect at angles at least greater than ten degrees, but 
the nearer ninety degrees the better. 
Having chosen the stations, proceed to one of them as 
A, and place the paper intended to receive the plan hori- 
zontally before you, extended by pins, or otherwise, on a 
board securely fixed, to prevent it shifting its position 
while the bearings are drawing. 
Stick a pin through the paper firm into the board, at 
the part meant to represent the station A, and lay a ruler 
with a perfect straight edge on the paper, touching tho 
pin at A and pointing towards the station B, and draw 
the line AB : in like manner draw lines from A towards 
all the points, rocks, bays, &c. numbering the lines as the 
points, rocks, bays, &c. are numbered in the eye-sketch : 
Proceed next to the station B, and place the board hori- 
zontally before you, so that the line AB shall point back 
towards A, and secure the board with the same precau- 
tion as at A, to prevent its shifting : then, in the line AB* 
stick a pin firm through the paper into the board, in that 
part meant to represent the station B ; from which point 
draw lines pointing towards the different points, rocks, 
&c. as was done from A, numbering them in like manner. 
Now, where the lines draw n from B intersect those of 
the same number drawn from A, will be the place of the 
points, rocks, &c. to which the lines were directed to 
from the stations. Sketch in the shore between the 
points, &c. and the plan is completed. 
The meridian-line may be found by compass, or more 
correctly, by drawing the line of the sun’s bearing from 
one of the stations, and taking his altitude at the same 
time. Then with the latitude, altitude, and declination, 
compute the azimuth, and lay it off to the left or right of 
the line of the sun’s bearing, according as the sun was to 
the right or left of the meridian, and it will give the true 
north and south, or meridian-line. 
