serve as a Substitute for Oak Bark „ 4&B 
may be called plantce coriarice , such as the arbutus , the 
celtiSy the tamarisk, the rhamnus , the rhus myrti folia, 
&c. In Sweden they use the bark of one of the small 
species of mountain sallow, as also a wild plant known 
by the name of uva ursi. The Silesians use in tanning 
a sort of myrtle called rausch . But for tanning, nothing 
is used in Germany but the bark of oak and birch tree, 
with some acorn shells; and as to the making of Cordo- 
van and Morocco leather, they use sumach and galls, as 
almost all other nations do. 
When the eight new methods of preparing leather al- 
ready alluded to shall be once introduced, all the other 
articles will be no longer necessary ; and there will be 
found in his majesty’s dominions the plants fit for tanning, 
among which are some that will serve also for dyeing 
skins. We have already about sixty species of such 
plants ; and if, after having made an exact choice, there 
should remain but twenty of them, our object will be at- 
tained, both as to the preservation of wood, and the do- 
ing without foreign articles. 
Skins differ from each other according to the species 
of animals, as likewise according to their age, food, and 
the climate they belong to ; whence it follows, that there 
must be various methods of tanning, ail which can be re«* 
duced to the three methods called in Germany weiss-gahr 
(white preparation), semisch-gar , (soft preparation,) and 
loh-gahre (tanning). I omit parchment, shagreen, and 
what concerns skinneries. 
The first preparation is the same in these three methods* 
When the skins are well cleansed, lime, or sand and 
salt are made use of to take off the hair, and then they 
are washed several times, &c. 
But the following part of the process is not the same in 
these different methods. We shall omit at present the 
two first methods, which require several ingredients taken 
Yol. II. 3 G 
