Steam Engine, 101 
The following is the description of his machine, as im- 
proved by himself : 
A (Plate fig. 1) is a strong boiler, built in a furnace for 
generating steam. From the top of this boiler there pro- 
ceeds a pipe, b, which convej^s the steam into another 
strong vessel, r, called the receiver. This pipe has a cock 
at c, called the steam-cock. In the bottom of the receiv- 
er is a pipe S, which communicates with the rising-pipe 
H n k, the iovv^er end of which is immersed in the well 
from which the water is to be raised. Immediately be- 
low the place where the pipe S enters the rising-pipe, there 
is a valve, n, opening upwards. A similar valve is also 
placed at i, above the pipe S. Lastly, there is a pipe e, 
which branching off from the rising-pipe, enters the top of 
the receiver. This pipe has also a cock, d, called the in- 
jection-cock. The mouth of the pipe e, has on the end f 
a nozzle, pierced full of holes, pointing from a centre in 
every direction. The keys of the two cocks c and d, are 
united by the handle h,. called the regulator. 
The mode of operation is as follows : Let the regulator 
be so placed, that the steam-cock c be open, and the in- 
jection-cock d shut : put water into the boiler A, and make 
it boil. The steam from it will enter the pipe b, and 
fill the receiver, first driving out the air which it before cout 
tained ; a considerable quantity of steam will be at first 
condensed by the cold sides of the receiver ; but it being 
at length warmed, the steam will proceed into the rising- 
pipe, lifting up the valve i. When this is perceived to be 
the case, by the rising-pipe feeling warm, and hearing the 
valve i rattle, the communication is now to be cut from 
the boiler, by shutting the steam- cock c, the injection 
cock d being also shut. The receiver now gradually cools, 
and the steam included in it condenses into water. When 
this is the case, as the air was at first driven out by the 
steam, and cannot return again, all the cocks being shut, 
