Political Economy. 
It appears reasonable in this view, that foreign com- 
' merce should give greater profit than domestic pursuits ; 
and that commerce is the most profitable occupation, 
might be inferred from the avidity with which it has al- 
ways been followed where circumstances favoured it, as 
well as by the great wealth accumulated by commercial 
mtions. 
Foreign commerce, thus advantageous to individuals 
and the nation, is also beneficial to the world ; its direct 
tendency being to ameliorate human condition. It also 
*adds to the splendor and strengthens the arm of govern- 
ment, by the concentration of wealth in a tangible form, 
passing frequently under the eyes and hands of its officers, 
furnishing the means of extensive indirect taxation \ a 
species of contribution of all others the most freely paid, 
as it is in a great measure concealed from the labourer and 
consumer, and furnishes a benefit to the capitalist who 
advances or collects it. A consideration of this circum- 
stance may anticipate an objection which might be made^ 
that the direct wages of labour, are not always high in 
commercial countries. 
It is, perhaps, to be numbered among the disadvanta- 
ges of commerce, that the power conferred by it, is at- 
tended frequently, perhaps inevitably, with abuse. Wars 
between distant nations can scarcely arise but by means 
of commerce. It occasions the loss of many lives, both 
by the dangers of the ocean, and exposure in unhealthy 
climates. If it acquires wealth rapidly, it also introduces 
lu.^ury and vice. 
Such appear to be the advantages and disadvantages 
of commerce. It is more productive of wealth than any 
other employment : and, like most benefits, it is acquired 
with considerable dangers and sacrifices. Its inherent 
energy is so powerful, that it can seldom require encou- 
ragement although, in the present state of the world., it 
