342 
Steam Engbu. 
and can besides be applied to purposes in which boilers^ 
constructed as they have hitherto been, would be of little 
or no use. The working of all kinds of steam engines is 
one important application of my invention ; for the steam 
may be raised, in a boiler constructed in the manner be- 
fore described, to such a temperature, and consequently 
to such an expansive force, as to Work an engine even 
without condensing the steam, by simply allowing it to 
escape into the atmosphere after it has done its office, as 
proposed by Mr. James Watt, in the specification of his 
patent, dated January 5,1769: where he says, engines 
may be worked by the force of steam only, by discharg-^ 
ing the steam into the open air. In all cases where it is 
desirable to heat or boil water, or other fluids and sub» 
stances, without the direct application of fire to the ves« 
sel or vessels containing them, Which in such cases be- 
come secondary boilers, the use of my apparatus will pro^ 
duce effects superior to any obtainable by other means—^ 
no more being necessary than to make the vessel, or se- 
condary boiler, containing the ’water or other fluids, and 
the substances immersed or dissolved in, or blended or 
mixed with the water or other fluid, to communicate, by 
means of a tube or tubes, with the prime boiler, con- 
structed in the manner before described. In such cases, 
as in making extracts of every kind for the various pur- 
poses of arts and manufactures, and for the simple boiling- 
of water or watery fluids, the steam should go directly in- 
to the vessel, or secondary boiler, whose contents are to 
be heated or boiled ; and the orifice or orifices of the pipe 
or pipes through which the steam is conveyed should go 
to a considerable depth in the fluid, that tlie steam may 
be the better able to give off its heat and be condensed 
before it can reach the surface : and in every such case, an 
allowance should be made for the increase which will bc 
made to the quantity of liquid in the vessel to be heatedj. 
