Lead. 
261 
the plate is not too cool, give but the plate a little knock, 
and it will run again ; care must be had that none of your 
implements are greasy, oily, or the like ; and when the 
shot, being separated, are found too large or too small for 
your purpose, or otherwise imperfect, they will serve again 
at the next operation. 
Shot , tin-case , in artillery, is formed by putting a great 
quantity of small iron shot into a tin cylindrical box call- 
ed a cannister, that just fits the bore of the gun. Leaden 
bullets are sometimes used in the same manner; and it 
must be observed, that whatever number or sizes of the 
shots are used, they must weigh with their cases nearly 
as much as the shot of the piece. [ Greg . Encyclo . 665. 
Lead) how formed into shot. Lead is employed in 
considerable quantities in the casting of shot, for which a 
patent was granted in 1782, to Mr. William Watts, iu 
consequence of his invention for granulating lead, solid 
throughout, without those imperfections which other 
kinds of shot usually present on their surface. The pa- 
tentee directs 20 cwt. of soft pig-lead to be melted in an 
iron pot, round the edge of which, a peck of coal-ashes 
is to be strewed upon the surface of the metal, so as to 
leave the middle of the latter exposed. Forty pounds of 
arsenic are next to be added to the uncovered lead, and the 
pot closely shut ; the edges of the lid being carefully luted 
with mortar, clay, or other cement, in order to prevent the 
evaporation of the arsenic. A brisk fire is then kindled, 
so that the two substances may be properly incorporated ; 
when the metal ought to be skimmed and laded into 
moulds, that it may cool in the form of ingots or bars, 
which, when cold, are called slag, or poisoned metal- 
20 cwt. of soft pig-lead, (according to the quantity of shot 
intended to be manufactured) are next to be melted in the 
manner above directed ; and, when it is completely lique* 
