Manufactures , 299 
steam engine, at 75,000/. a day, or in round numbers, at twenty-five 
millions per annum : so, heading the accost with this, 
1st. Annual saving by Watt and Bolton’s steam 
engine at - 25,000,000/. 
2d. Arkwright’s spinning in all its varieties «* 40,000,000/. 
3d. Bridgewater’s canal system including rail 
ways - - - - - 7,000,000/. 
4th. Threshing mill equal to ISO days labour at 2s. 6d. on 
100 acres farmed after the stile of the Lothians near Edinburgh^ 
and renting at 3 or 40 01 . per annum. 
This last item I cannot fill up for want of documents to shew 
the extent of cultivated land in Britain, and the use of threshing 
machines thereon. But the saving from this, and the improve- 
ment of ploughs is very great ; and enables the government of that 
country to tax all the land 1 5 per cent, per annum on its real rent- 
al. There may be other grand items that should be added to this 
account, and may possibly be suggested by the persons mentioned 
To detail all the minor improvements that have been made, by em- 
ploying the Tilt hammer, Roller, Screw, See. in doing what other 
countries perform by the hammer, and manual labor, weaving by- 
water, and having excellent roads, Sec. See. is not necessary here to 
state, and would require knowledge I do not possess ; so these shall 
be thrown in, to keep the grand account entire. 
Taking the total amount of saving by these four grand im- 
provements at 75,000,000/. sterling per annum— and three shill- 
ings and four pence to be equal to one day’s wages of a manu- 
facturing workman, who for Sundays, holidays, and sickness, loses 
only 65 days in the year, (making 50/. sterling a year)— it equals 
the wages of 1,500,000 men.* This prodigious saving of human 
labour by manufactures and machinery /is the principal source 
which furnishes the means by which Britain supports her expen- 
sive government, her army, navy, clergy, nobility, revenue officers, 
subsidies, See. which enables her to make roads, canals, Sec. This 
gives her the command of 1,500,000 surplus men upon an equal 
population, whenever they are wanted for national purposes. Part 
of this she will lose by other countries adopting the same system, 
and working in the same manner for themselves or their neigh- 
bours s her statesmen are sensible of this, and do all they can to 
prevent it. 
The manuscript has it 750,000 men. T.C. 
