422 Geology-. 
Indeed, in the high latitudes of the outgoings or Sum- 
mits of the primitive strata, very few vegetables even at 
the present day can live. No vegetation fit for animal 
life, could take place, until the transition, and most of the 
next series of (secondary or fletz) formations had subsid- 
ed. These would occupy gradually lower and lower si- 
tuations, till a rich soil from every kind of intermixture 
of earth mechanically deposited, would afford a proper 
temperature of region, and an easily decomposed soil 
wherein vegetables could grow. 
Next to the transition series, then, come the secondary 
or as the German mineralogists call them, the Floetz 
(Fletz) Rocks : so called, because they appear to be more 
floated or horizontal ; though I confess the appellation 
does not appear to me peculiarly appropriate. 
These strata, consist principally of sandstone, lime- 
stone, sometimes stinking from bituminous impregna- 
tion, sometimes shelly ; secondary trap, graphite and 
bituminous coal, gypsum, rock salt. 
The old red sandstone, limestone, secondary trap, and 
newer sandstone, are to be found in Adams and York 
counties. The graphite or anthracite coal formation * in 
Pennsylvania, extends from the Delaware at the heads of 
Lacawana and Lehigh to the North mountain, whose 
southern base I think it subtends. It is found ten miles 
all round Wilkesbarre ; it is found on the Berwick turn- 
pike road ; it is found a mile from the turnpike road 21 
miles from Sunbury toward Reading ; it is found on the 
Susquehanna, or within a few hundred yards of it, six 
miles below Sunbury ; it is found at the iron works on 
the waters of the Schuylkill, on the road from Reading to 
Hamburghf. This stratum does not extend westward 
beyond the west branch of Susquehanna. I do not know 
whether it is connected or not with the anthracite of 
* Carbon with little sulphur and no bitumen, 
t And in Mahan ton go 8^ miles from Susquehanna. 
