82 
Gardeners and Florists’ Annual for 1918 
Growers who are operating frames for other purposes are already 
familiar with the management of frames. The same principles such as 
care in watering, proper ventilation and control of temperatures will 
apply to vegetable crops. Since there is less air space above crops in 
frames than in greenhouses, sudden changes in weather will affect 
conditions in frames quickly unless they are protected. Crops that 
are planted in frames which are heated with hot water or steam 
pipes, may be grown in approximately the same time as required in 
greenhouses. Crops plantecl in manure-heated hotbeds or coldframes 
which derive their heat from the sun, will require one to two weeks 
more time to mature the crops. 
Lettuce and Radishes may be started in the same way as suggested 
for greenhouse culture. Carrot seed should be sown about half an inch 
deep in double rows one inch apart and lOin. between the pairs of 
rows. The plants are thinned to 2in. apart. Varieties having small 
tops and roots are used for frame culture. A crop of Radishes could 
he planted between the rows of Carrots and harvested before the 
Carrots need all the space. 
Beets may be grown at the same temperatures as for Lettuce. The 
seed is planted in rows lOin. to 12in. apart and the plants thinned 2in. 
to Sin. A crop of Radishes may be grown between the Beet rows. 
Beets may be started close together in beds and the seedlings trans- 
planted farther apart in frames. Beets require eight to nine weeks. 
Early round varieties are used. Turnips may be grown in the same 
way as Beets except Turnips cannot be transplanted easily. 
Beans are sometimes grown. as a Spring crop. They are not as 
profitable commercially as some other crops, but many private garden- 
ers grow them. They may be started between Lettuce in the Spring 
in rows 21in. to 24in. apart and the sash removed when the danger of 
frost is past. Higher frames will be needed if the crop is grown to 
maturity under glass. Bush varieties are used. 
Parsley may be grown all Winter with very little trotible. It will 
lie very |)rofitable where there is a demand for this ])roduct. 
Muskmelons and Cucumbers may be planted in temporary frames 
Patent Tree Digger Used By the East Grand Forks Nursery in Minnesota 
