^^: 
THE GAUDENEES' AND NATURALISTS' CALENDAR FOR FEBRUAET. 
P 
loped in tlie perfect state from the pupa at this period. 
This is especially the case "with the diiferent species of 
Moths given in the following list. Many of the Beetles 
and Apterous Insects mentioned helow may he foxind 
almost throughout the year. 
CoLEOPTER-V. Caraiiis morbillosus. — Under hark, and 
at the roots of damp trees. 
Tachijptts properans. — In gardens and grassy tanks. 
Ci/cJirus rostratus. — Under stones, and moss, at roots 
of trees. 
I\otiopMliis aquaticus. — Pathways, and hanks of 
ponds. 
Anchomemis prasinus. — In small communities under 
stones. 
Sarpalus aneiis, and other species, under stones and 
clods of earth. 
Dromiiis quadrimaculatm. — Under hark of trees. 
JSlatcr segetis. — In pastures and hedge-rows, under 
stones. 
Ftimisfur — In houses. 
Anobiiim Ussellatum. — In rotten willows. 
Colymbetes bipustulatus. — In ponds and ditches. 
I)yiicus marginalis. \ 
„ , . > in ponds under weeds. 
HydroK^ piceus, i ^ 
Sydrophilus carahoides. ] 
Staphylinus morio. — Under stones. 
Stemts cicindeloidcs. ) /-. - , , , 
r,_, E • j^ .1 } On moist banks. 
Stenus biguttatus. j 
Opiliis mollis. — In dry rotten wiUows. 
FhospJiuga atrata. — Under hark of trees. 
Silplta opaca. — At the roots of trees. 
Opatrum sabuhsum. — In sandy places. 
JSehps striutm,— -Under bark. 
Rhcigium vulgare. — In old stumps of trees. 
Timarcha ie/iebricosa. — In grassy places, on com- 
mons. 
CJirysomela sanguinolenta. — In grassy places. 
Coccinella 7 -punctata. — Under hark. 
Hemipter.4.. — Nepa cinerea. \ 
Notonecta furcata. J In ponds and ditches. 
Notonecta, glaiica. ) 
Lepidoptera. Gonepteryx Bhamni. — Inopen places 
in woods and gardens. 
Vanessa tirticie. — In gardens, 
Eriogaster lanestris (the small Eggar Moth). — In 
bushy places. 
Xanthia oroceago (the orange upper wing Moth) . — 
Among dry leaves. 
Clieimatobia rupicapraria (the early Moth). — In 
hedges. 
Kijbeniia leucophearia (the Spring Usher). — On 
tnmks of trees. 
Ajilocera ccesiata (the February Carpet). — Skirts of 
wood. 
Biston Jiispidarius (the small brindle Moth). — On 
trunks of Oaks and Sallows. 
Oporinia nubilea (the clouded brown Tinea). — On 
Oaks. 
Sasystoma salicis (the rosy Day Moth). — In hedges. 
DiPTEKA. Cukxpipicns (the Gnat). — In houses and 
gardens. 
Trichocera hiemalis (the Winter Midge). — In gar- 
dens in small troops. 
Scatopliaga merdaria — On cow dung. 
Apterous Insects. 
Glomcrispmtulata. | u^der stones. 
Armadillo vidgaris. ) 
Thilosda muscormn. — tinder moss. 
Julus terrestris. — Sandy places in woods. 
Julus sabulosus. \ 
Tolydesmiis comnlanatiis. f tt j i. 
r: 1 ■! n 1 • > Under stones. 
beophilus subterraiieus, and various 1 
other species of Millepedes J 
f^:J5^- 
Dui'ing the progress of the Magazine, it is intended 
to give, from time to time, coloured illustrations of the 
maimer in which many of these insects exert their de- 
sti'uctive powers on vegetation. J. 0. W. 
FISH POKDS. 
Fish Ponds of late years have been much neglected. 
Near to the ruins of every old abbey may be found some 
remains of the iish-pond, filled up for gardening pm*- 
poses, evincing that the flavour of a delicious Carp or 
Bream was not forbidden to their ancient inhabitants. 
Whatever the old monks knew, however, on the 
subject of breeding and feeding fish, they have handed 
down no vestiges of their knowledge to (iieir descen- 
dants ; it has perished with them ; and, beyond a few 
leading facts, we have little to guide us but om- own 
obseiwation and experience. There is a mystery about 
these dwellers in the water which to me is very fasci- 
nating, and I have always loved to watch them bask- 
ing in the hot sun, darting swiftly upon their prey, or 
seeking thefr secure abodes and sheltered caves at the 
slightest intimation of danger. I have fed them, too, 
and learned, to some extent, what they like best, and also 
on what they thrive best, as well as what they absolutely 
reject. I have found that in certain waters, and on certain 
soils, they Avill breed rapidly, but not increase in size ; 
while, in others, the reverse has been the case ; I cannot 
but acknowledge, however, that there is as yet compara- 
tively little or nothing certainly known, in spite of all 
that Tarrell, and the minor lights, such as Salter, Hof- 
land, and many others have written. 
Such directions, however, I can give, as will enable 
you, if wealthy, to turn yom' ornamental lakes and 
pools to the best account, by providing food for the 
poor, delicacies for your table, and sport for yom-self 
and your friends ; and, if your means be moderate, and 
your ground small, to secure to youi'self at the least 
expense, a never-failing source of amusement, at the 
same time contributing materially to the house-keeping 
expenses, and, if you are near a town, giving you the 
satisfaction of making a pleasure actually profitable. 
Many people may try to convince you this is impossible, 
but, in my opinion, it may be done much oftener than 
you may suppose. Whatever directions you give, how- 
ever, see yourself to their execution ; and let your first 
principle in this, as in all other cases of domestic 
management, he cleanliness. Eomember that fish can 
no more thrive in foul and impure water, than you could 
in a close or tainted atmosphere. Let dead leaves and 
rotten branches be raked off the surface of the pond, 
and let the shrubs that grow upon the side be kept care- 
fully cHpt and trimmed ; they vnll otherwise hang down 
in the water, collecting around them a heap of float- 
ing matter, which wfll, besides the untidy appearance it 
wUl make, soon affect the purity of the water, and the 
health of your fish. I do not object to a few frees : their 
overhanging branches form a shelter from the heat of 
the sun, and are a great comfort to the fish in hot 
weather ; while beneath their roots are the private re- 
freats of the largest fish, where they are safe fi'om the 
net of the poacher, and the tempting lure of the angler 
also, unless he be more than usually cunning. The best 
way to secure fresh and wholesome water, at all times, 
is to have a running stream through your pond ; but 
this cannot always he effected, although it should 
always be attempted. Swans wUl keep down weeds, 
and save you a gi'eat deal of labour ; but they desfroy 
the spawn, and thus do a much more serious injury 
than the weeds themselves, which, if not allowed 
too rank a growth, are decidedly beneficial ; as they are 
the resort of numerous insects, the natural food of the 
fish, and for the total want of which no artificial feed- 
ing can perfectly compensate. B. 
