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PEAR INSECTS. 
PEAR INSECTS. 
I.— THE WOOD LEOPAKD MOTH. Female. 
Zeuzera jEsculi, Latreille. (Phal^tina Noctua iEscuLi, 
Linnwtts, Syst. Nat., ii., 833. Pital^na Noctua Pyrina, Lin- 
nceits. Faun. Suec.) 
Fig. 1 represents the female Moth of the natural size ; \a the 
Caterpillar within the burrow which it forms in trees ; 16 the 
mass of vegetable detritus which it leaves behind it, and of 
which it forms its cocoon ; \c, the pupa, or rather the cast skin 
or pupa ease, from which the perfect insect has escaped. 
II.-THE PEAR PSTLLA. Female. 
PSYLT.A Ptri, Stephens, Catalogue of British Insects, Haust., 
p. 360. (Chermes Pyri, Linnaim, Syst. Nat., ii., 737.) Greatly 
magnified. 
III.— THE SLIMY GRUB OF THE PEAR TENTHREDO. 
Selandeia .35THIOPS, Fahricius, Ent. Syst., ii., 121. (Ten- 
thredo cerasi, Lirmceus,) 
Fig. 3, the perfect insect magnified ; 3 a, two of its larvae of 
the natural size, covered with the black slime ; 3 5, one of its 
larvee cleared of the slime ; 3 e, the cast skin of one of these 
larvse ; 3 d, the cocoon of particles of earth, within which the 
insect undergoes its transformations. 
IV.— THE PEAR LEAF MINER. 
Argyrojiyges scitella. (Opostega scit., Metitz., in Isis, 
1839, p. 2H. Argyromyges Clerckella, Stephens, Curtis, 
Knight, t$-c., but not of Xm7^a?^(5,)* 
Fig. 4 represents the perfect insect much magnified ; 4 b, por- 
tion of a pear leaf with three blotches, caused by the mining of 
the Caterpillar ; 4 1), the Caterpillar with one of the blisters 
opened. 
v.— THE NARROW-WINGED RED BAR MOTH. Female. 
P.EDISCA angxjstiorana, Haworfh. {Tortrix a. Stephens. 
DiTULA a. Tortrix rotundana, Haworth.) Variety of male 
with the tip of the wing injured and rounded. 
Fig. 5 represents the female magnified; ba part of a pear 
with the dried caljrs removed, shewing the larva of the natural 
size. 
THE diseases prodaced by tlie attacks of insects upon plants may be classed into genera and species 
or varieties, keeping np tbe mode of classification whick lias been employed witk respect to dis- 
eases of tke higker animals, and also of plants tkemselves. In our article upon Rose Insects {ante 
p. 193), tkese diseases consisted of tke destruction of tke pollen-beai-ing organs of the ]plant, tke 
consumption of tke full-grown leaves, as well as of tke embryo leaves or buds ; and lastly, tke ab- 
normal growtk of some portion of tke plant by tke formation of galls. 
In our present plate, illustrating tke natural kistory of some of tke species of insects wkick attack 
tke Pear, other classes of diseases are exiiibited — namely, tke destruction of tke plant hy burrowing 
into tke solid wood of its stem or branckes ; three varieties of injuries inflicted upon the leaves of the 
tree, by tke removal eitker of their solid or fluid portions, namely, first, by tke upper cuticle being- 
gnawed off in patches ; secondly, by tke parenckyma or flesky inner matter of tke leaf being eaten, its 
two surfaces remaining uninjured, tkus causing blister-like blotckes on the leaves ; thirdly, by tke 
weakening of tke leaves, tkeu- fluids being absorbed by tke puncture and suction of numerous minute 
insects; and lastly, injury to tke fruit itself, by tke rind and flesh being partially eaten by an insect. 
Tke flrst of these different kinds of injm'ies is produced by 
Fig. I. Zeuzera ^sculi. — This beautiful insect belongs to tke order Lepidoptera; section, 
Nocturna (or Motks) ; and family, Hepialidte. Tke male is smaller tkan tke female, wkick is kere 
flgured ; and tke former is at once distinguished by its antenuEe, of whick tke basal kalf is featkered 
on eack side ; tkose of tke female being simple, although woolly at the base ; specimens vary from rather 
more than two to nearly three inckes in the expansion of tke fore-wings, wkick are of a snowy wkite 
coloui', semi-transparent, and marked witk a great number of skining blue black, or greenisk black spots 
(wkick are more distinct in tke males tkan in tke females) ; tkese spots are muck more indistinct in tke 
kind wings. Tke tkorax is white and woolly, with six blue black spots. Tke caterpillar is yellow- 
coloured, witk a large black scaly patck on tke segment following tke kead, and witk a nimiber of 
skining black dots bearing short hairs ; the terminal joint of the body has also a black patck on the upper 
side. The female Motk is furnisked witk an elongate telescope-like ovipositor, capable of great elonga- 
tion (represented as partially protruded in om- Fig. I.), with wliich she is enabled to deposit her eggs 
at a considerable depth in tke crevices of tke bark of trees, especially tke Pear and Apple (whence the 
specific name, Pyrena, originally proposed for it by Linnaeus), Elm, Walnut, and far more rarely 
the Horse Chesnut (whence the impropriety of the generally received specific name of jEsculi). 
The perfect insect appears about the beginning of July, and the caterpillars are hatched in August, 
when they immediately burrow into tke wood of the tree. In the following month tkey undergo tkeir 
first moulting, and tkey are full grown in tke following June ; so tkat, according to Kollar, tke 
duration of life in this species does not extend beyond a year, whereas in several other wood-boring 
insects it extends to two or three years (as indeed the "Wood Leopard is also stated to do by some 
writers). They form burrows of considerable size in the solid wood of the trees, making a cocoon for 
tkeir transformation, composed of minute particles of gnawed wood. Tke ckrysalis (Fig. 1 c) kas tke 
* On examining the Linnaean Cabinet, I find that the Tinea ClerckeUa is nearly twice the size of, and quite distinct from, the 
insect here figured by me, known to most collectors under that name. 
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