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THE GAllDENEES' AND NATUKALISTS CALENDAE FOR JUNE. 
Apple and Pear. — Those fruit-trees, either espalier, 
wall, or pyramidal, must have due attention paid to 
them in stopping, to produce well ordered and prolifie 
trees. If the fruit sets too tliickly, divest the tree of a 
portion of it. 
Plum. — Stopping and nailing in the shoots that are 
required, must still be persevered in. 
Vine. — Pay due attention to stopping and nail- 
ing the shoots to the wall. As the Vine is generally 
groT\Ti, it is scarcely worth the space it occupies, but by 
careful attention it may in most seasons be ripened 
sufficiently for the dessert. 
Strawberry. — To grow this fruit to perfection, it is 
an essential point to keep the root moist while it is 
swelling. When the plants are watered give them a 
most liberal supply, and, if not yet done, mulch with 
long grass, straw, or long litter of some kind, but not 
with the mowings of the lawn, for reasons before stated. 
This mulching will prevent the rapid evaporation which 
would otherwise take place, and also serves to keep the 
fruit clean. To accelerate the ripening of a portion of 
the fruit for early use, lay pieces of slate under some of 
the best fruit. Roberts' tiles are no doubt very useful, 
hut from their lighter colour, and then- greater porosity, 
they do not attract or absorb heat to the extent that 
slates do. Pinch off all flowers that may appear on the 
Alpines this month. This being a fruit that requires 
careful packing, if to be sent any distance, it may 
be useful to some of oiu" readers to describe my 
mode of doing so. I have small baskets with 
lids made of a sufficient length to fit ki the width 
of a large hamper; the width of the baskets are 
about sis inches, and the depth about four- inches. In 
the first place I put a few of the young tender leaves of 
the Strawberry at the bottom of the basket, I then veiy 
earefuUy fiU up the basket with fruit and leaves, putting 
in a few of the latter occasionally, not putting them in 
layers, but intermixing them with the fruit ; when the 
basket is sufficiently full, I put a few leaves on the top 
of the fi-uit, and tie the lid do-n-n securely ; I then place 
them one on the top of the other in a large hamper. It 
is particularly necessary that the fruit in a bruised or 
over-ripe condition shoidd be excluded. Some judgment 
is required in packing, which can only be gained by 
experience. H. C. 0. 
KITCHEN GAEDEJST. 
The main crops of all the various kinds of vegetables 
ha'^dng been sown, the principal work now wiU be to 
thin them in time, making good aU vacancies; to 
guard against then- suffering from insects, and to keep 
hoeing among them so as to promote healthy and vigor- 
ous growth. Prick out in nursery beds all the various 
kinds of Brocoli, Savoys, Brussels Sprouts, Borecole, 
Cauliflower, and the liie, also Celery, and such other 
plants as requu'c that treatment. Plant out immedi- 
ately the first crop of Celery in well manui-ed trenches; 
and a good breadth towards the end of the month. 
Plant Lettuce, and other salad plants between, also 
Spinach for summer use. Sow Lettuce, Endive, 
Radishes, and other salad plants, twice in the month ; 
also Cauliflower and Cape Brocoli for succession, and a 
good breadth of Chappel's Colewort for early •ndnteruse. 
Turnips of the stone land may also be sown about every 
fortnight, and where young Onions are much used, 
another bed must now be got in. Sow, likewise, suc- 
cessional crops of Peas, Beans, French Beans, and 
Scarlet Runners. "Water with manure water, mulch 
those crops already sown, with short grass, if manm'e 
cannot be spared, and sprinkle them with soot to keep 
insects, &c., from preying upon them. Plant a good 
successional crop of Cauliflowers in deeply ti'cnehed and 
richly manm-ed ground ; and clear, manure, trench, and 
plant out all the various kinds of Brassicae as soon as 
the plants are large enough. Herbs, such as Marjoram, 
Basil, &c., must be attended to. Train and stop the 
Tomatoes as they require it, giving them occasionally a 
good soaking of manure water. Spawn the Mushi-oom 
bed last made as soon as ready, and prepare dung for 
another bed. Recollect the old saying about sowing 
thick and thinning early, but never mind about cui-rying 
favour from the cook, rather endeavom- to place that 
functionary, hors do combat, by pro-adding a plentiful sup- 
ply of everything. Look to former dii'ectious, and see 
that you have not neglected anything. J. C. S. 
WILD FLOWERS OF JUNE. 
With the advent of the summer season, the number of 
new flowers, and the quantity in which each ocem-s 
increases day by day, a large proportion of those plants 
coming into blossom in June, continuing to blow for 
several months. The proper May flowers, wiE, many 
of them, appear as June flowers this season, as all our 
indigenous plants seem backward this year, at least, in 
the neighbom-hood of London. 
Of those to be particidarly looked for in June, the 
following may be named : Ranuneulacece, most species 
of PaniincHlus, Thalictrum, AqitiUgiu. PapaveraceEe, 
Fumariacese, Cruciferse, CaryophyUacefe, Hyperioaceas, 
Geraniaceaa, and most of the allied families. Many of 
the Leguminoste and most of the Rosacea;. The species 
of Sedtim and some of the Saxifrages. The tlmbelli- 
ferie present many flowers this month, but become 
more fit for botanical purposes later in the season, 
when the fi'uits begin to ripen. The Monopetalous 
families are, in general, later, but still a great many of 
them contain early plants, particularly the PrimulaceEe, 
with its species of Lijsimachia, Anarjallis Hottonia, and 
others. The allies of the dead nettles, Lamium, Gali- 
opsis StacJujs, together with AjxKja, and later. Salvia, 
represent the Labiate family pretty fully ; while among 
the BoragiuaceaB we have many species of Mtjosotis, 
LitJwspermum, and, indeed, most of the genera. The 
Orchidacea? and Liliaceas are now at their best ; and 
the Grasses offer a wide field of observation to the 
student, in the curious structure of their plain and un- 
attractive looking blossom, which it behoves the botanist 
to avail himself of, before the scythe leaves him but the 
denizens of the hedge-rows and woods. 
The general characteristics of the vegetation during 
June, are those of a period of change ; the familiar 
spring flowers, which in many cases still display them- 
selves till the end of May, now begin to disappear 
altogether, and while the number of plants really in 
their prime in June, is perhaps small, the list of 
flowers becomes very large, from the unfolding of so 
many of those species which last through all the summer 
months. Those who would reside in, or can visit the 
chalk districts in June, shoidd lose no opportunity of 
searching for the rare Orchidacese. But we woidd 
suggest that it is not absolutely necessary to dig up the 
roots of all those specimens where these are already 
well described in books, for these plants are becoming 
much more uncommon every year. This is, however, 
undoubtedly more owing to the invasions of the Loudon 
hawkers, than those of botanical collectors, for basket 
loads of Orchis roots are earned about town for sale 
every spring. We warn metropolitan botanists not to 
encourage this species of free trade unless they are 
willing to risk the extirpation of these interesting 
plants from their botanizing grounds. 
To all who love flowers, botanists though they may 
not be, nothing can be more delightfid than to note the 
rapid increase of gay colours and ciuious flowers per- 
mitted to grow in lanes and hedge-rows during this 
month, and writuig, as we do this, in the midst of the 
dust and smoke of London, we have somewhat of a 
feeling of eiiyj of those who live with the woods and 
