sm: 
TULIP: DR. HORNER. 
TULIP: DR. HORNER. 
N'af. Ol-(L, LlLlACEy-E. 
<i/M^M^ 
K 
Generic Character. — TuUpa, Tottniefort. Perianth petal- 
oid, deciduous, sLs-leaved ; sepals and petals campanulate-con- 
niveut, subequal. Stamens six, hypogyuous. Oeari/ thvee- 
celled ; ovules numerous in each cell, in two rows, anatropous ; 
stigma terminal, sessile, three-lobed, lobes spreading, complicate. 
Capsule three-sided, three-celled, loculicidally three-valved. — 
{Endlicher, Gen. Plant, 1091.) 
TuLiPA Gesnertana, Linn. Gesner's Tulip.— Stalk one- 
flowered ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glaucous ; petals and sepals 
obtuse, and, like the filaments, glabrous ; flower erect ; stigma 
deeply divided, the lobes decurrent. — Smith. 
Variety.— Dr. Horner. A light feathered bizarre, with a 
slender beam down the centre of the petals, of good properties, 
and pure in colour. 
BESCRIPTION. — A showy variety, well skaped, with distinct, clear markings, — feather 
and beam ; raised by ]\Ir. Groom, florist, of Clapham Rise, near London. 
History, &c. — Gesner's Tulip, the parent of our ordinary garden varieties, is stated by 
Kunth to be a native of Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Calabria, and central Italy. Miller states 
that it was introduced into Europe from the East. Conrad Gesner first made it known by a 
description and figure. In his additions to Cordits, he states that he first saw it in April, 15.59, 
in a garden at Augsburg. The seeds were brought from Constantinople, or, according to others, 
from Cappadocia. Balbinus asserts that Busbequius brought the first Tulip roots to Prague, 
whence they were spread all over German}'. Busbequius himself, in a letter written in 1554, 
states that this flower was then new to him. The Tulip is said to have been first cidtivated in 
England by Mr. James GaiTet, an Apothecary, in 1577. Reference is made to him in Ge- 
rarde's Herbal, published in 1597 ; and Gerarde states that he received it from Aleppo. This 
era is confirmed by a note by Richard Hakluyt, who writes in 1582, " now within these four 
years there have been brought in England, from Vienna in Austria, divers kinds of flowers 
called Tulipas. 
The " Tulipomauia," which arose about the middle of the seventeenth century, is well- 
known ; the roots rose to a value above that of the precious metals. The trade was chiefly 
carried on in the Netherlands, and rose to its height in 1634, and the three following years. It 
is said that for a root of a variety called the Viceroy, articles to the value of 2500 florins were 
agreed to be delivered; the Semper Augustus was often sold for 3000 florins, and one person 
agreed to give 4600 florins, with a new carriage, two horses, and complete harness ; and another 
to give twelve acres of land for a single root. The trade was a form of gambling, like the 
Mississippi and South Sea schemes. — A. H. 
THE CULTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE TULIP. 
By Me. G. GLENNT, F.H.S. 
l^flHE Tulip has for more than a century been largely cultivated in Holland and England, many 
H thousands have been raised from seed, and the result has been the acquisition of many very superb 
varieties, bearing large prices fi-om their scarcity. Even in our own daj's, we have seen one called 
Fanuy Kemble, another called Polyphemus, a third called Everard, sold at such prices that four or 
five bulbs have brought a hundred guineas. There is a singularity in Tulips which belongs to no other 
flower. The seedlings, generally, when they first bloom, produce flowers mthout any stripes or mark- 
ings ; a yellow or white bottom, and all the upright portion of the petals self-coloured, brown, I'ed, 
purple, scarlet, or rose, and m this state they have been grown for years without any variegations ; 
they are then called breeders, with what propriety or for what reason we are not awai'e. These breeders 
are planted every year until they break into stripes, and if they prove deshable they are named ; but 
they are so many years, sometimes, before this occurs, that they may have multiplied greatly in the 
breeder state, and, as many sales of breeders take place, they may have been distributed in all direc- 
tions. Each person who has broken one thinks he has a right to name it, without considering whether 
it has been broken and named by others, so that we have many in cultivation under very different 
names, but wliich are one and the same thing. There is another peculiarity wliich hardly belongs to 
any another flower ; we allude to the great uncertainty of their markings ; for, although we may have 
twenty of one kind in a bed, scarcely two will come even nearly alike, although good judges can find 
enough in them to recognise them in any state. Perhaps this uncertainty gives more than half the 
charm to Tulip cultivation ; those which are the most certain in their markings or penciUings of colour 
2n 
W^ 
