THE GABDENEKS' AND NATnEALISTS' CALENDAU FOR JULY. 
gathered -svitliovit injuring the young canes. It is very 
easy to adopt the espalier mode of growing, ^yhere they 
have been otherwise gro^™, by allowing all the young 
shoots in the line of row to grow up, and, in a year or 
two, the object will be gained. 
Strawberry. -Immediately well-rooted runners can 
be procm'ed, make new plantations. The earlier they 
are planted the better, as they will have time to get 
thoroughly established before winter. Even weak and 
indifferently rooted runners, if planted this month, -will, 
on the approach of winter, be gi-eatly in advance of 
strong runners planted the latter end of next month. 
Should the weather prove dry, give copious waterings 
■while the fruit is swelling. The late sorts more fre- 
quently suifer from drought than the early ones. 
Vine. — Keep the young rods, or shoots intended for 
bearing nest year, secm-ed to the wall, and the leaves 
from injury as much as possible. Stop the lateral 
shoots to one joint, so that there is free admission of 
light and air to the main shoots. A great many Vine- 
leaves are usually required during the summer ; but, 
if the Vines are expected to flom-ish and fruit, they 
must not be divested of their leaves. A few plants 
should be allowed to grow at random in some sheltered 
spot, for this purpose. H. C. 0. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Prepare all ground, as soon as it becomes vacant, to re- 
ceive such. plants of the Brassica tribe as wiU be required 
for the supply of the table throughout the autumn and 
winter months. The transplanting of Cauliflowei-s, Cape 
and other Brocolis, Savoys, Brussels Sprouts, &c., should 
be proceeded with on every available occasion. Every 
advantage should be taken of showery weather, and as 
large breadths as possible got out, in order to economize 
the time and trouble of watering. Continue to put 
out Celery in well manured trenches, in such quantities 
as the demand renders necessary. Another sowing of 
Peas may be made for the chance of a crop ; in light 
soils, frequent and copious supplies of water will be 
found necessary, or a very limited crop will be the 
result. iS'o plants will derive greater benefit from 
mtdching, than the crop of Peas. Any spare dung, or 
even the sweepings of lawns, can be advantageously 
employed for that pm-pose. Endive and Lettuce should 
be planted out regularly to ensure a supply, and sow- 
ings of Radishes, Lettuce, Endive, and small salading, 
made, as recommended in former calendars. Hoe and 
stir the soil between all growing crops, to destroy weeds, 
and promote a healthy and vigorous growth in the 
plants. Sow a good breadth of Tiunips for succession, 
and also Cabbages for winter greens. Prepare, by well 
manuring and trenching, some gi'ormd for winter Spi- 
nach, which, in cold soils and late situations, should be 
got in the end of the month. Shallots and Garlic wiU 
soon be fit to store, and as the herbs come into bloom, 
cut and dry them in shaded, airy situations, after 
which, bag them until required for use. J. C. 
WILD FLO'^TEES OF JULY. 
In this and the following month we meet with the 
greatest nimiber of plants in flower ; the Ferns also now 
present their fi-uetification, and the working botanist 
will find fidl occupation in attending to the numerous 
claimants that press themselves upon his attention. In 
July the important family of the Leguminoste may be 
considered in their prime, as also the Labiate plants, 
among which the Mints still rcqiiire especial .attention. 
The tall spikes of the Foxglove, with theu- bright bells, 
remind us of the advance of the season ; the Heaths 
begin to tinge the moors and commons with their biaght 
colours, and the hedges, fields, marsh land, and open 
downs, teem with blossoms, representing almost all the 
indigenous families. Out of such a copious list it is 
I 
J 
difficult to select any as prominently noticeable at this 
time. This is the best month for obser\ing the flowers 
of most of the Syngenesious and Umbelliferous plants, 
the fruits of both coming to maturity toward the close, 
and more particukai-ly in August. The puzzling tribe 
of Brambles should now be looked to, and it is the most 
favoui'able time for the sedges, most of which now 
show the characters derived from their ripened '* nut." 
Ponds and ditches should be well searched in July ; 
many of the plants growing in such situations have 
inconspicuous flowers, but they nevertheless exhibit a 
gre.at variety of interesting forms. The princip.al of 
these are the Pond-weeds {Potamogetoii), the Duck- 
weeds {Lemiui), Water Milfoils {Myriophijnum), the 
Star- worts {CaUitrkhc'), which require close attention, 
associated with the more striking Water Lilies, Buck- 
bean (^Menyanthes) "Water Plantains {AUsma^., the 
beautiful Villarsia, the curious Bladder-wort, ( Utricit- 
larm), with its feathery leaves, floating by means of 
their purse-like air-bladders. Many sti-iking flowers 
are also to be met with by the sea-side in this month, 
such as the yellow horned Poppy {Glaneiuni), the Thrifts 
(Statice), with some members of the Cruciferous, Le- 
guminous, and Syngenesious orders. A. H. 
ANIMAL KINGDOM. 
Ornithology. — The scorching heat of July, has a 
great eff'ect upon birds, they are now almost mute, and 
difficult to be seen ; sheltering themselves from the fierce 
rays of the sun, among the thick foliage, all the evidence 
of their presence being their call note, which they re- 
peat at intervals, but in so low a tone, th.at it is a 
mere whisper, compared to what it was in the spring. 
The only time that they exhibit a portion of thefr for- 
mer sprightliness, is at early morn, before the sun has 
robbed the hedges of their dewy spangles, and at eve, 
just before the glorious orb bills us a short farewell, to 
bless some other clime with his heavenly light. The 
best time for observation is the morning, all things 
then look fresh and gay, and one is not annoyed by the 
numerous little pests of the insect world, which, as the 
day grows older, dance, and buz around one's head, 
robbing a ramble of half its pleasures. 
In studying the habits of bii-ds, the manner in 
which they propel themselves through the air is not the 
least interesting, and a knowledge of their various 
modes of flight, is of great importance to the natm\alist 
who should be able to distinguish each species of bird, 
as well on the wing, as when perched on a branch 
within a few yards of him ; and this knowledge may be 
acquired by proper attention, and will be found to add 
greatly to the pleasure of the study. How peculiar is 
the flight of the Wagtails {Motacilla) rising and falling 
like the waves of the sea, when contrasted with the 
swift gliding motion of the Swallows {Birundo). "Who 
has not admired the powerful iUg' t of the beautiful 
"Wood Pigeon {Coltiinba (Ellas'), when, lilie a giant in 
strength, he has been seen beating against a strong head 
wind, he appears to set old Boreas at defiance, pru"suing 
his course in nearly a sti-aight line, whUe the Eooks, and 
Crows, although strong-winged birds, may be seen 
rising and falling, as if searching for some hole in the 
wind ; through which they might creep and after many 
attempts giving it up as hopeless, when wheeling round 
they glide swiftly before it ; the whole of the Pigeon 
ti'ibe, ai'e noted for their great strength of wing, and 
beautiful mode of flight. 
Turn we now to those fi-ail little things, the various 
species of "Warblers, that visit us dui-ing the summer 
months, taking their abode in our lanes, on our com- 
mons, and in our gardens, where they skip and hop 
about, their flight rarely extending many yards at a 
time, and yet they have been horn some hundreds of 
miles upon those little wings, w-hich, when arrived here, 
they use so sparingly. "What beautiful machines are 
I 
