Analyses of Books. 
185 
land, arguing on the fact of their existence in the diluvium of the European conti- 
nent, at the present moment, encourages me also to anticipate the future discovery 
of the elephant, tiger, and hyaena in the diluvium of Asia. I would also argue, on 
the same grounds, that it is highly probable we shall hereafter find the mastodon 
in our own diluvium, and most, recent tertiary strata.” 
Dr. Buckland then discusses the question of the origin and date of these remains. 
After observing th«t “ it is of course impossible for any person, who has not been 
on the spot, to decide with certainty on a question which requires so much minute 
local investigation by a very experienced observer,” he concludes that we must 
admit one of the three following suppositions. 
1 . “ Either they were lodged in the moat recent marine sediment of the tertiary 
formation, like the elephant in the crag of Norfolk, the rhinoceros of Piacenza, 
and the mastodon of Dax and Asti.” 
2. w Or in antediluvian fresh water deposits, analogous to those which contain 
the rhinoceros, elephant, hippopotamus, and mastodon in the Val d’Arno.” 
3. “ Or in diluvial accumulations more recent than either of these formations, 
and spread irregularly, like a mantle, over them both.” 
“ Now as wefind, on careful examination of the matrix adhering to these bones, 
that it contains neither fresh water nor marine shells, and is wholly different in 
character from all the specimens which contain such shells, and which thereby 
enable us to refer them respectively to fresh water or marine origin ; the most pro- 
bable conclusion we can arrive at is, that the bones belong to neither of these for- 
mations, and that their matrix is of the same diluvial character with that in which 
the greater part of the fossil bones of Mammalia have been discovered in Europe.” 
Dr. Buckland also thinks the following formations may be recognised in Ava, 
with more or less certainty. ” 1. Alluvium. 2. Diluvium. 3. Fresh water marl. 4.Lon- 
donclay and Calcaire grossier. 5.Plastic clay with its sands and gravel. fi.Transition 
limestone. 7. Grev wacke. 3. Primitive rocks, marble, mica slate. There are^also 
indications (but less certain) of new red sandstone, and magnesian limestone. 
1. To the alluvium belong the deltas occurring from Pro me to the sea, and a 
number of islands that are continually forming and shifting at various places along 
the whole extent of the actual bed of the Irawadi. 2.To the diluvium are referred 
the sand and gravel beds containing the mineralised bones. 3. The fresh water 
formation occurs a little north of the petroleum wells, “ and is at an elevation of 
150 feet above the Irawadi. The specimens of it consist exclusively of marly blue 
clay containing fresh water shells of the genus Cyrena : the shells are very thick 
and heavy, nearly three inches in diameter, and judging from the great quantity 
imported, must be extremely abundant.” 4. From the hills near Prome was ob- 
tained a coarse grained, yellow, shelly and sandy limestone, scarcely distinguishable 
from the calcaire grossier of Paris ; and from several places higher up the Irawadi, 
particularly at Pugan, we have a dark bituminous slaty limestone, in which Mr. 
Sowerby lias recognised the following fossils as identical with those of the London 
clay : Ancillaria, Murex, Ceritbium, Oliva, As tart e rugata, Nucula rugosa, Eryci- 
na, Tellina, Teredo, teeth of shark, scales of fishes, pebbles ot rolled black bone, 
unknown radiating fossil resembling coral.” . 
“ This recognition of a stratum so nearly resembling the London clay in so dis- 
tant a part of Asia receives still further interest when viewed in conjunction with 
the information that has been afforded to us by Mr. Colebrooke, as to the existence 
of a similar formation at Cooch Behar, in the north eastern border ofBengal, where the 
Brahmaputra emerges into the plain. Here Mr. Scott discovered strata of yellow 
and green sand alternating with clay, that lie horizontally at the height of about 
150 feet above the level of the sea, and contain organic remains resembling those 
of the blue clay of the London and Hampshire basin. _ . 
ic Mr. Scott has also discovered at Rohagiri in this same district a stratum of 
white limestone containing Nuinmulites and vertebra offish, surmounted by beds 
of clay which contain the same Nutnmulites and also bones ot fish with shells of 
Ostrea and Pecten.” 
“ Near Silhet the Laour hills, composed of white limestone loaded with Nummu- 
lites, form another example of tertiary formations in the eastern extremity of this 
province. And the section near Madras, given by Mr. Babington, shows the same 
tertiary formations to exist also on the western shores of the Bay of Bengal.” 
5. In many of the specimens from near Prome, a soft green and yellow sand- 
stone was found, resembling that of the plastic clay formation. tl Mr. Crawfurd 
describes these as associated with reddish clay, intermixed with sand and pebbles, 
in words that are almost equally applicable to” the “ English plastic clay pits at 
