204 
Different Methods of Raising Water. 
from Narrain ganj ; and on this account, I should doubt whether the Bareilly firs 
might not he brought to market cheaper, although grown further off. They were, 1 
believe, tried, and not found to answer. 
Remarks by the Editor. 
By the Bareilly firs, we conclude the writer of the foregoing means the firs 
growing on the low sandstone range opposite Bareilly, and distant about 70 
miles. From the character and relations of the Casiya Hills, we conclude them to 
be a continuation of the former, and the two firs to be one and the same. That of 
the north-western mountain provinces is known to botanists as' the P. longifolia: 
it bears three very long (sometimes 18 inches) leaves in a sheath. The fruit is a 
perfect cone, and the seeds are winged. With regard to the quality of the wood, it 
is generally considered good : noother is used at Almorah for the purposes of roofing, 
chowkuts, pannel doors, &c. The question, however, of transport is probably, as in 
the Cdsiya Hills, a doubtful one. We shall he happy if any of our readers in 
that quarter will favour us with some information on the subject. As to the state- 
ment of its having been tried in Calcutta, and not found to answer, we rather think 
this refers to another pine, the Deodar — which is so different a wood, that though 
highly valuable also, it would never be used for the same purposes, and might conse- 
quently be pronounced, if tried with that view, not worth the trouble of transport. 
This latter too must have been in the case of the Deodar many times greater than 
in that of the fir. 
The specific gravity of one of the specimens sent with the above letter was 595. 
Captain Baker had the kindness to try the strength, and found that a piece with 
a breadth of ,8 inch and depth ,9 inch bearing 15 inches, required 271 lbs. ; a second 
255 ; a third 217 ; mean 258. But he observes, that in such small specimens no fair 
conclusion can be drawn. 
The above, such as it is, is a higher result than Mr. Barlow obtained with firs at 
home in the proportion of nearly one-fourth. 
VI. Comparative Value of different Methods of Raising Water. 
Tlie annexed Table exhibits a statement of the comparative performance in three 
different methods of raising water, and the expense of each method, or the number 
of hogsheads raised in different periods of half a day, or in six hours, to a whole 
day of twelve hours. 
The labour of baling being a very hard work, the men are supposed to work 
no more than six hours at the rate of 20 deliveries in each minute of time ; and 
when it is considered, that the actual delivery of a load is ( of a cubic foot, or 21 
pounds of water, and that the basket (wet) and rope must weigh at least 11 orl2 
lbs. more, and are at the extremity of a lever at least 3 feet long, the exertion of 
each Ilian is considerably more than 16 lbs. it is perhaps equal to 22 or 24 lbs.; 
and that this exertion could not be kept up for a whole dav, is a circumstance 
known to every one acquainted in the least with ordinary laboiir. 
In estimating the performance of bullocks in drawing water, the greatest advan- 
tage is derived from the greater height to which the load is raised, since the differ- 
ence between drawing water 11 or 12 feet, and 40 to 45 feet, has not been observ- 
ed to give more than about fits more delivery for the shorter draught; so that 
m such moderate height baling is $ dearer according to the table, and the men's 
labour applied on the walking beam, would seem to he 34 times as cheap as that 
ot bullock labour with their necessary attendants, for small heights. 
For heights of from 30 to 45 feet : 
from 40 to 50 hogsheads for each rupee expended ; 
2d, bullock labour from 135 to 150 hogsheads ; 
3d, and the walking beam about 500 hogsheads. 
Or the 3d method is to the 1st as 10 : 1 
the 3d to the 2d is as 10 • 3 
and the 2d to the 1st as 3 •! 1 
tee’t ‘as the 3dm h e°thod h f “ nc J| ad 0 T t T ore * the first for heights exceeding 30 
teet < as me met “ od “as over the 2d under such circumstances. 
