214 
Analyses of Books. 
general character is rather friable than compact, and it sometimes contains halls of 
clay. Its thickness is of course variable. At the Bouti cataract it is 420 feet ; at the 
Ch.ichai and Tons cascades thicker, and at the Bandair hills must be still more so. 
This formation was traced from the pass of Tara near Mirzapir by Kattra, the 
cataract of the Tons river, Simeriali, Birsinhpur to Hathi, where it was exchanged for 
the limestone which Captain Franklin thinks synonymous with lias. In an eastern 
direction the sandstone extends through the "llandair hills to Uohargong and pro. 
bahly farther, being in this direction more exactly correspondent with the “Bunter 
Sandstein” of Werner, and the stratification horizontal, 
“ At Hathi as before observed the limestone” first appears. The general aspect of 
this limestone is dull and earthy ; its stratification horizontal or nearly so, and al- 
ways conformable to the marie or sandstone on which it reposes ; its lower beds 
arc thin and separated by argillaceous partings ; and some portions of it, particu- 
larly the white variety, are sufficiently compact for lithographic purposes: the mid- 
dle beds are usually of a dark smoky grey colour, always exhaling a strong argil- 
laceous odour, when breathed upon, and sometimes containing fragments of petri- 
fied wood, and of the stems of ferns, (Nagound); and it is this variety which burns 
into strong lime am! has the property of hardening uudpr water. The yellow kind 
is generally compact, usually dendritic, and if polished like the Cottam marble, might 
he used for ornamental architecture ; its external surface frequently presents 
branches and promi nences resembling (as Mr. Greenough expresses it) the interlacings 
of ivy ; and in this state it might be used for rustic architecture, This limestone 
appears to be the same as the lias limestone of England. “ It was traced from 
Hathi via Lohargong as far as Pattarya." 
The next great feature in the geology of this tract is the extraordinary develop- 
ment of the overlying rocks which are usually designated by the general term trap. 
The upper part of this formation is usually globular, the nuclei of the decaying 
masses varying in size from an egg to a large bombshell. Under the stratum of 
globular trap, is a bed of indurated wacken or amorphous trap of a rusty brown 
colour, sometimes scoriform or of a small cavernous structure, and sometimes co- 
lumnar : under the amorphous trap is a stratum of limestone (Sugar and Pattariya). 
This limestone contains ahmiine and silex passing into chert, and occasionally re- 
sembling ind mated clay and, though rarely, clinkstone. Generally speaking it appears 
as if partially calcined ; and when the trap with which it is associated reposes on 
sandstone (Sugar) it contains nodules of that rock imbedded in it. 
Below the limestone (Sugar) isastratum of amygdaloid containing calcareous spar 
and a few zeolites. It resembles the toadstone of England and reposes on sandstone. 
This trap formation, which appears to Captain F. to be the floetz trap of Werner 
was traced from Pattariya through Sagar, Jyasinhnagur to Tendukaira. In the lat- 
ter part of this route chalcedony, semiopal, mealy zeolite, cacliolong, agate, jasper, and 
heliotrope are seen in abundance scattered on the surface. In tue bed of the Barana 
east of Tendukaira, the trap may he seen resting on red marie or sandstone. In the 
valley of the Nerinada the latter formation is wanting, and the older strata, highly in- 
clined and even perpendicular, make their appearance. The stratification is always 
uncontorinable to the sandstone. Captain F. points out the valley of the Nermadaas 
an interesting field forgeological inquiry. He considers it as the effect of denudation. 
The southern boundary of the Nermada valley is also composed of trap rocks, 
which extend as far south as Chapra or Leoni, and thence eastward towards Man- 
dela, Auieiakaiitak, and Sohajpur. It appears to be the same rock as that at Sagar, 
though something harder. It, however, here rests on granite or gneiss 
A very curious calcareous conglomerate is noticed as occurring in the beds of 
rivers, the sources ot which are in trap countries. “ It is composed of rounded 
fragments of wacken, basalt, sandstone, quartz, and occasionally o/other rocks vary- 
ing from the size of a pea to that of ail ordinary grain of sand a,. „„i„'„ 
is matter, 't hen the particles are fine, it in some respects resembles calcareous 
L a ataTs' horit n?ar'd hCieUt arc 1 hitecturaI Proses. Its stratification 
every rock ” ‘ C C ° arSe P bc,Dg lo ' vest i and !t reposes indifferently < 
hi arano^ototto the Sl! g a r district i C »P tai " f- observes at the conclnsion of 
they are the most n l'' T fwa-T? ’ ’ f 0nsI l dered as geological phenomena, 
ii * f i 1 ,m P 0, t<tnt in that district and perhaps in India Their pxfpnt he 
wS’JKr “"I thi, l kS their correct outline shall have 
reoose u£m? Z, root c h "" " °" e 'V be corr espondently striking. They 
clseTs 350 feet (SdgaH Tf r “ nlte ° T its inferW Umit iQ **• ^ter 
case U5U tcet (bagar). I he great extent of these rocks and the absence of all 
