216 
Analyses of Bookfr 
III. The Tray Formation of the Sugar District and of those Districts westward 
of it as far as Bhopalpur on the banks of the River Newas, in Omatwara. By 
Captain T. Coulthard, B. A.pp. 17 to 81. 
This paper comprises chiefly very full topographical and orological details of 
the tract indicated. As it is impossible to do justice to these without in fact re- 
printing the substance of the paper (and even then they would be unintelligible 
without maps and sections as well as specimens) , we must confine our analysis of 
the article to a brief notice of the general results. 
The author of the preceding paper has noticed the great extent of the trap forma- 
tion in central India, his researches having come upon the eastern limits of the 
tract described in the present paper. The details given by Captain Coulthard fully 
bear out Captain Franklin’s opinion. Undoubtedly, as observed by Captain F., it is 
one of the most striking features of Indian geology, not less remarkable than the 
absence of all the newer formations from lias upwards. A correlative circumstance 
of great interest, is, that it is precisely in these formations, so extensively developed 
in Europe, that the remains of tropical vegetables are found. Now when we consider 
the invariable connection hitherto observed to exist between certain formations 
and certain classes of the organic kingdom, we can scarcely expect to find 
these remains, though so closely allied to, if not identical with, the present produc- 
tions of these countries, while the rocks with which they are always associated are 
absent. Should then the above conclusions be found to stand a further examination, 
they would at least militate against the belief of the universality of the newest of the 
secondary strata, and would prove that comparatively with the primary they are local 
and of small extent. What other particular consequences may be deduced from 
these views, we leave to abler pens than ours to point out ; but they do appear to us 
to be full of interest, and as supplying ample food for speculation. 
The trap district described in this paper in thus limited. A line drawn between 
Shappur and Pattaria to the red sandstone hill which overhangs Tendakaira will 
form the eastern limit. On the south the line will pass thence to Hasanablid. On 
the west a line drawn from a point between Sultanpur and Dewas to Bhopalpur 
marks the junction of Capt. Dangerfield’s newest floetz trap* with the subject of 
the present paper, which may therefore be said to extend to Udayapur. On the 
north the limits are not so well defined, but a line from Bhopalpfir to Seronj will 
be included, while at no great distance from it sandstone is found at the JVIaltoun 
pass and Granite at Tlrl. To the Eastward it is hounded by a granitic range 
which crosses the Nermada at Jebelpur. To the southward bey. nd the alluvium of 
the Nermada a primary range is also found, as is also in the latitude of tiirapur, 
while this basin, as it were, elongated E. & W. is occupied by a sandstone deposit, 
which occasionally breaks through the otherwise continuous 'covering of trap that 
occupies the surface. It has an extent. Captain Coulthard thinks, of perhaps more 
than fifty-four thousand square miles. 
This tract is throughout hilly ; “ but it may be better understood if it be said that 
at Sagar, in its neighbourhood, for eight or ten miles around, and also Id every part 
south of Sdgar, within the prescribed limits, and as far west as Hasanabad, may 
be seen ranges of low hills extremely clustered though always detached, bending 
about in their short course towards all points of the compass, and thus forming 
valleys of every conceivable form, though not commonly of any' extent, and never 
difficult of access. But if the view he extended beyond the neighbourhood of 
Sagar, towards the east, or the west, or the north, expanded valleys will gradually 
meet the eye, while the hills recede from it sinkingin the horizon as they surround 
valleys farther removed from Sagar, until these valleys are enlarged into extensive 
undulating plains, studded over with isolated trap hills, occasionally' of a conical, 
commonly of no determinate form ; and ever and anon a short ran°- e of the same, 
little from a straight line, will have its beginning and its ending within 
With regard to the level of this land above the sea, it may he observed that 
bigar us generally speaking the highest point in this tract, though there is a peak to 
the eastward of Raiocn, which has an elevation of more than 2500 feet. The centre 
of the cantonment at Sagar is ltfcs3 feet above the level of the sea, as determined by 
By this barbarous term, as we will venture to call it, though sanctioned by 
many high authorities, is meant, we conclude, that the trap in question lies on new 
red sandstone. But it lies al-o on gr. nite (see preceding article.) Is it still floetz 
trap, or does it suddenly change its nature and become primitive ? 
