218 
Analyses of Books. 
A very full and technical description is given of the principal and most marked 
varieties, which we regret we have not room for. The most generally diffused of them 
is thus characterised. “ It is what is called a compact indurated waeken, in colour 
black, with a very distinct brownish tinge. When first fractured, its surface has a 
much more glimmering appearance than the basalt ; but, unlike the basalt, exposure 
to the atmosphere soon changes its surface into an earthy, dirty whitish colour It is 
often very tough, very refractory under the hammer; but its fracture is flat and dull, 
notsharpand splintery, or approaching to the conchoidal. Itoccursin pieces, in length, 
breadth, and depth, pretty nearly the same, a foot in measurement, and which arcset 
closely together, so as to form something like a stratum in the hills or in the val- 
leys as the base of the basaltic mould; and it is also the predominating variety in 
those hills, which are of such constant and general occurrence, consisting of large 
rounded and angular masses thrown up together in the utmost confusion, with very 
little clayey matter intermixed ; and lastly, it may often be seen abstracted and 
alone, in something like large uniformly ovate masses, having a brownish and wrin- 
kled exterior, and imbedded in a sombre reddish brown clay.” 
The amygdaloids contain the following minerals : calcareous spar, green earth, 
chalcedony, and quartz, common and amethystine. Zeolites arc scarce, olivine is 
abundant as an imbedded mineral; but neither hornblende or augite have ever been 
met with as such. 
The same curious white earthy limestone mentioned in the preceding paper is 
here noticed as belonging to the trap formation. It is described as harsh and grit- 
ty to the feel on the fresh fracture, “ small rounded (round ?) particles of calcare- 
ous spar of a yellow colour” are sparingly imbedded. Thoush generally of a light 
colour approaching to white, it is occasionally reddish, brick red, chocolate brown, 
or brownish black. It appears to pass into amygdaloid, into jasper, and into horn- 
stone or chert. It is never found in the rallies, always on the hills and low swells, 
forming the basement stratum, but ascending above the level of the contiguous ral- 
lies. A suggestion is thrown out, that this limestone may be the lower lias, half 
calcined, and otherwise disguised by the trap. 
The water is always near the surface, whether that be sandstone or trap. In the 
former case, the rock itself is sufficiently retentive : in the latter it is the toadstone 
that keeps it up. In the valleys, in the dry season, it may generally he found at 
from three to twenty-five feet below the surface. 
At Sanwa, distant from Sfigar forty-five miles, the trap is succeeded by lias, 
which extends to Panchamnagar only nine or ten miles from Hirapfir, where, as be- 
fore noticed, granite is found. The trap where it ceases, ceases suddenly, having a 
vertical thickness of sixty feet, and underneath it may be seen the sandstone. Be- 
yond this point are seen three hills, consisting “ of sandstone masses rather sparing- 
ly and loosely set together in much red clay and qnartzose matter.” They are of 
no great height, hut are steep, and separated by ravines or watercourses. From the 
summit of the last of these, the view into the valley of Hirapfir looks over an interme- 
diate conglomerate range; and on descending from the summit, the sandstone is seen 
resting on a stratum of brownish black ferruginous clay and earthy iron ore. The 
conglomerate, or breccia rather, consists of angular pieces of white felspar or grey 
limpid quartz, imbedded in a dark, highly indurated red clay, or a quartzose basis. 
The granite of Hirapfir is counterminous with this rock ; and it is thought, that a 
section through the line noticed, would be extremely interesting, as showing the 
junctions and relative positions of these several rocks. ' At Hirapfir, the granite is 
surmounted by this conglomerate, which is connected again with a stratum of iron 
ore, on which the new red sandstone rests. No fossil remains have been noticed in 
this tract. 
IV. Remarks on ike Geology of the Country, on the Route frmn Baroda to Udaya- 
phr, via Btrpur, and Salumbhur. By James Hardie, JEsq. ^isst. Sur. B. N. /* 
pp. 82 to 99, 
This paper carries us still farther west ; so that taken with the two preceding, it 
nearly completes a narrow strip reaching from Lohargfion to Udayapur, the former 
in longitude 80° 15, the latter in 74”. 
think the system of mechanical analysis would he found useful. If it could be 
clearly established, that basalt and waeken, and amygdaloid, or the rocks so named 
by us, are all composed of the same ingredients, and nearly in the same proportion ; 
the conclusion would be inevitable, that they should have but one generic name, 
specific terms being added to designate any accidental quality. 
