1829.] 
Machines for Irrigation. 
299 
double ropes, the bullocks are obliged to re-ascend the plane backward, lest the ropes 
s lou )e entangled. Buchanan appears to think this awkwardness of movement ob- 
jectionable, but I have not observed any diffi. 
cult}' attending the practice ; bullocks are very 
easily broken into stepping backwards, and 
less time, I imagine, is lost in this manner than 
by the double turn at top and bottom, that our 
cattle are obliged to make. The lower turn, with 
cattle undertraining, is not unfrequently attend- 
ed with accidents, as they are often liable to turn 
round before themdrcan he landed, and its weight 
falling down with a jerk, drags the bullocks over, 
or breaks the ropes, and often maims, or makes 
them very shy. The double viit emptying itself, 
may be made of much greater capacity than 
the single one, which is of less size than the 
power of the bullocks is equal to, or otherwise, 
the labour of landing it would he too hea- 
vy for the man or woman whose business 
it is. The wear of the bag in the act of landing 
is considerable ; the only rvear sustained by the 
other, from friction, is by the tail in passing 
over the lower roller. The accompanying 
sketches will, I believe, give all the further in- 
formation that can he required. Buchanan has 
no drawing of the capilly ; hut Heyne has 
given one without any description, and the 
construction of the machine is not very dis- 
tinct from his print. In descending the plane, _ — 
the driver usually sits upon the upper rope, assisting the draught, I suppose, by his 
weight ; and in ascending, takes the under rope in his hand, to prevent its be- 
coming entangled with the bullock’s 
feet. The ropes should he made of 
twisted hide, being, beyond compari- 
son, stronger and cheaper than the best 
rope exposed to' the wet- and rubbing, 
consequent to their use in such work. 
Professor Robison’s double plunger 
can only be applicable to open pieces of 
water; and besides, though a very simple 
machine, it is, I fear, too complicated for 
introduction, except under Europeau 
superintendence. I am not aware of any 
means of raising water from deep wells, so 
effectual and universally practicable, as 
by the single and double in6t, and I 
Would beg to bring it to the notice of 
that zealous and scientific body, the 
Agricultural and Horticultural Society , native landlords bverect- 
nf India who will doubtless soon set an example to the native land oids, '"erect 
• * f , i . mos t unproved machines for raising water, in their garden at 
“5.0“ or ° now losing water by the clumsy mode of baling, and 
farthen note carried on men’s heads. For raising large quantities of water from 
to heights of little Heva.ionsuoh « JXSfthSg 
admirably adapted. Tie P , f ' t j, e fields, being ample provision 
2 xS -*»• F «»» - 
manure. _ . 
I am, &c. F. A. 
S: x‘"iCS»r *• *■ "vr..'; 
link the bucket, and going back again when he wants to bring up the water. 
