1829 ,] 
On the Manufacture of Raw Sugar (Gur.) 
333 
But the actual rents are higher : from the most careful investigation and conclu- 
tion on all the data I could gain, it appeal's that the average proportion of the gross 
produce taken as rent, is not less than |ds instead of jd. The average rate of rent 
as yet determined in this district, amounts to 6.v. 5J. per acre : the average of 39 
estates in another district gives 8s- 5 d. and in a third (this last is a good (leal sup- 
position,) 7s. per acre, which multiplied hy 7 for a comparison between this country 
and England, gives respectively 45s, 0 \d. 58s. 1 Id. and 49s, per acre. 
Out of the rent of the land, the public direct land-tax is 75 per cent, by the regu- 
lations. On 100 acres therefore at 7s. per acre, or from 700s. the public tax amounts 
to 595 shillings, leaving 105 shillings to the proprietor, to defray all expenses, to 
make good all calamities of season, to furnish the interestof money borrowed, (never 
less than 24 per cent.) to yield all profits, to discharge fill indirect taxes, (stamped 
papers, &c ) and to indemnify him for all police charges and responsibility. 
Perhaps the above accounts may he of use to those who entertain so strongly the 
idea of the advantage to be gained by the colonization of Europeans in this country. 
It has been remarked, that the returns in fold are somewhat doubtful : they are uot 
however very wide of the truth, and they shew an average return not much inferior 
to that of England. It is in the prices that the main difference exists : and if a la- 
bouringEuropean inthis country could be contented with the common food, and cloth- 
ing and housing used by the native, he would, no doubt, be as well off (always except- 
ing the climate) as in England. If a European proprietor could he contented with 
25 per cent of the rents of an estate, and square his ideas of comfort, and the educa- 
tion of his children, to the same standard, there can be no donbt, that he could feed 
himself and his family. Hut beyond this (even putting out of view the question 
of climate) he could do little with allhis skill, industry, and capital. It seems to me, 
at least, very doubtful, whether with all these he could ensure so much larger a pro- 
duce from the land than is now attained, as would at all reimburse him for the 
expenditure. 
In Bengal, where the permanent settlement prevails, I suppose the proprietors 
understand the proportional higher value of their land, and would exact a propor- 
tionally higher price for it : so that capital laid out there in the occupation of land, 
would, perhaps, not he much more fruitful than it promises to be in the upper pto- 
vinces. 
I am inclined to think that the produce of land in this country has been under- 
rated, and reckoned more by the money rents it yields, than by its actual quantity ; 
and a comparison made between 6 or 7 shillings per acre in this country, and 50 or 
60 in England, whereas it is in the value of silver that the main difference lies. 
The average rent per acre on the whole of France is 11,075s. (reckoning the 
franc at lOtfO — Revue Encyclopedique , _ 
In Hanover the average rent per acre, is 9 o 
In the Campagna di Roma, ^ ® 
Loud. Enc. of Agr . 
It would appear, therefore, that there is as much improvement required in those 
parts of the continent of Europe as in this country. 
H* b. Di 
VIII. —Statement of the Expense attending the Manufacture of Raw 
Sugar (Gur) in the districts of Saharunpur, and Muzafarnagar. 
In collecting the following particulars from the people of the Pergannahs above 
mentioned, the object was to ascertain at what rate per cent, the Zemindars or 
proprietors of sugarcane, manufactured the gur, calculating from the time the 
cane arrived at the mill, until the gur prepared from it, was sold into the bauds of 
the Banias . . . 
Had there been time to have made the investigation, it would have been more sa - 
tisfactory, and the result obtained more correct, could the manuring and ploughing 
the ground, and the setting, watering, cutting, and carrying of the cane, have been 
taken into account ; hut my short stay at each camp did not admit of these minute 
enquiries, nor were the people, on all occasions, very willing to enter into a detail 
of the expense. . 
The account of the number of people employed whowere in constant attendance 
on the mill, and of their wages ; the statement of the hire of the mill and pans for 
