bird who c&nno' 
« -X* "*! 
U X -lV 
V"W* * 4 ” 
UU 0 
i . 1 **■' \ i 
scrambled onto a atrnngo ledge) 
will neither attack nor 
flea, bat tana 1 13 
{-• "? r, \.7 -rft \r "f* v' rj'i 4 " Vo •> 
attacker a -'id points it a be downwarns t al-icv. in ; its? .. i to oe 
peeked on the ns >e wt thou. t reals ting, 
Jr - 
reduces the o i nco ? r t :o bird bohny a t uo ef - :- , 
die : osture 
he a d Is rdnof 5 identical w i ti; u t 
the 
This turn Lais sway oi the 
R1 a 3 a t r i 1 a c t . 9 1 a 
Kittiwske/dooe in the so e circunnt.*. nee a (Cullen; 
excee-t tiu- ♦ 
the Black ifodly does not tuc v its beak right beneath ltd brn : at 
f 
the 
•i * L b 4 . ' * b, k> 
I- 
.. -r • t ■• ‘/‘v 
; .. .i -■ V? ’ . 
"V r' > a 
i 'ShK 
o _ • -■ 
! a ■ - •• - 
.... •• S 
Jf - - V- 5 ~.. 
•' . •> 1 
-• . 
i'-v: 
n-,rica 
bath de-niy c 
4 - 
%•> gj 
IW 1 
nu juvo 
*. e » as v c? a 
{■ 
sin filer a? ion - of defend in 
«. «^ ir * s %_ r *- * • • « 
t h ere. T > * e y > o c 1 •: at it e 1 r s 
th-’ir neat 
% '^0 ‘ 4 » Ar • « ’ •* 
Intruder 
1 *: , C? 
«m. -A<> 
0 ' 
tier bird 
a '. d f e t s 
! , r 1 
1 ■ O' a", :; th' 
•-■ U .«• 1 1 |,v. aiti id. 
v ■ >n «. r *A r* a'* ; \ r - •''*** ■* hi b 
a., o- ,y • - •- 1 w . iy ’ v* • •. ^ 
1 - ; “i a A 1 1 b* “ 
c A 5.* \f -j u . * , 
^ay 
<* 
It any be stressed. 
■ h 
» U. <• - ■ '»» 
^-1 V? 
! , j 1 *1 
; 1 1 Ay d •• 
* •< “* *■•* * 
A ( ■: ; 
y < 
<y» b*’’*! f* - 
- . « 4 b 
y on n ’ 
r) 
*• ; 
i n 
rf 
: •' , 
!. a 
, o fOe’ 
■ - U 
a 7 f- 
i.--. j 
h : f: hens 
because they are the nearest o-rt of the opponent; they clearly 
a o C t 
th- 
: i r a 
tkod 
* c2 
h. 
o \# '* 
J ■ ‘ 
be a ■! to i to 
o* fe oil ¥o,i- on 
th i h 
ao y» ofi b 1 tj i * <::• ,d> 
(,_• , ' - 0 - ik ./ i i U j- . / w %»* 
.-**> ; nr 
> ^ L 
VO ’ 1 
tf 
: : i ; I £’hB, 
if hen one a > eroac ies a or s ...nil ay c*.iii tup axti ; 
r-?";s in on their ' eduoo until ;m as a n 
1 0 ; l ; '■ 1 1 / 3 t : • r t 1 0 U 1 1 -3 r 
tv" 
V A V ov U 
e 
c wa y 
C i. ; o c’ * 
& ^ U'lla- 
{J v ;«V> 
£wau. 'out they 
h i in - 
- .« . • 
they repeat again and ©gain. This call ray be utter*;! .. r -oj a ie.i ,e 
_ p } or in flight as they fly 3XflRs.R& in i ruri of th'.? Cxiff • 
(B 
** KJ 
The same call i 
net l ’•an uttorec 
by s ter "i t o ry - ( l . e . led ye-) 
mev -ha] 0 
v* K‘,f 
1 ^ j ‘ 
With neck stretched upsi rue f and 
4 Um*| ^* 3 ** ***±*4 
c>en to oo,ov the i-< right orange-ya' : ow inuil^, 
hi J 
; 1 V C 
J.. 
^ : o . ■■• 
•U\A ■•.■•■ 
G-a 
0 i 
t i 'V 
lo^n 
and 
uw 4 rl 
•'* i_ 
’O 
bird turns 
