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Penman Antiquities. [January, 
river Jequetepeque empties into the sea. The bottom lands 
of the river are from 2 to 3 miles in width, with a southern 
sloping bank, and the northern a perpendicular one nearly 
80 feet high. Beside the southern shore, as it empties into 
the sea, is an elevated plat one-fourth of a mile square and 
40 feet high, all of adobes. A wall 50 feet wide connects it 
with another, a few hundred yards east and south, — that is, 
150 feet high, 200 feet across the top, and 500 at the base, 
nearly square. This latter was built in sections of rooms 
10 feet square at the base, 6 feet at the top, and about 
8 feet high. These rooms were afterward filled with adobes, 
then plastered on the outside with mud, and washed in 
colours. All of this same class of mounds — temples, to 
worship the sun, or fortresses, as they may be — have on the 
north side an incline for an entrance or means of access. 
Treasure-seekers have cut into this one about half-way, and 
it is said 150.000 dollars worth of gold and silver ornaments 
were found. In the sand, banked up behind the wall and 
mound, many were buried, as the thousands of skulls and 
bones now exposed prove ; thrown out by the hunter of 
huacos, as the pottery is called, huaca being the name given 
to these cemeteries. Each body has buried with it a vessel 
or water-craft, and a pot with grains of corn or wheat, and 
it is supposed the drinking-vessel was filled with “ chicha,” 
a fermented drink made from corn or pea-nuts. Beside these 
were many ornaments of gold, silver, copper, coral and 
shell beads, and cloths. On the north side of the river, on 
the top of the bluff, are the extensive ruins of a walled city, 
2 miles wide by 6 long. Within the enclosure are the relics 
of two large reservoirs for fresh water. The clay from 
which these adobes were made was found at least 6 miles 
distant. 
Follow the river to the mountains. All along you pass 
ruin after ruin and huaca after huaca. At Tolon, a town at 
the base of the mountains, the valley is crossed by walls of 
boulders and cobble stones, 10, 8, and 6 feet high, 1 foot to 
18 inches wide at the top, and 2 to 3 feet at the base, en- 
closing ruins of a city one-fourth of a mile wide and more 
than a mile long. The upper wall has projecting parts at 
the entrances, with port-holes, evidently serving as sentry- 
boxes. At this point the Pacasmayo Railroad enters the 
Jequetepeque valley. For 8 miles back it crosses a barren 
sand plain of more than 15 miles in length, covered with 
ruined walls, water-courses, dead algaroba and espino trees, 
with fragments of pottery and sea-shells, even to 9 feet in 
depth mixed with the sand. The base of the mountains 
