98 Penman Antiquities. [January, 
huge structure, 80 feet high, 148 to 150 yards in measure- 
ment. Great large square rooms show their outlines on 
the top, but are filled with earth. Who brought this earth 
here, and with what objeCt was the filling up accomplished ? 
The work of obliterating all space in these rooms with loose 
earth must have been almost as great as the construction of 
the building itself. About two miles south of the last- 
named fort, and in a parallel line with it as regards the sea, 
we' find another similar structure, probably a little more 
spacious and with a greater number of apartments, or 
divisions by walls, on the top of which we can now walk, 
as it is likewise filled up with clay. This is called “ San 
Miguel.” It is nearly 170 yards in length, and 168 in 
breadth, and 98 feet high. The whole of these ruins, big 
fortress, small forts, and temples were enclosed by high 
walls of adobones, but all of wedge-shaped form, with the 
sharp edge upward. Adobones are large mud bricks, some 
from 1 to 2 yards in thickness, length, and breadth. The 
huaca of the “ Bell ” contains about 20,220,840 cubic feet 
of material, while that of “ San Miguel ” has 25,650,800. 
These two buildings were constructed in the same style — 
having traces of terraces, parapets, and bastions, with a 
large number of rooms and squares — all now filled up with 
earth. 
Near Lima, on the south, is another mound, 70 feet high 
and 153 yards square. Near the residence of Par Soldan, 
the Geographer of Peru, is a mound called “ Sugar Loaf,” 
or “ San Isidro,” 66 feet high, 80 yards broad at the base, 
and 130 yards long. Professor Raimondi, the naturalist, 
chemist, and scientist, who is doing for Peru what Gay did 
for Chili, said he found nothing in it but bodies of ordinary 
fishermen, relics of nets, and some inferior specimens o 
pottery. 
Prof. Steere and Dr. Hutchinson turned out about forty 
skulls, some bits of red and yellow dyed thread, being relics 
of cloth ; a piece of string made of woman’s hair, plaited, 
about the size of what is generally used for a watch-guard; 
and pieces of very thick cotton cloth, bits of fish-nets, por- 
tions of slings, and two specimens of crockery-ware of 
excellent material. 
About a mile beyond, in the direction of “ Mira Flores,” 
is Ocharan, the largest burial mound in the Huatica valley. 
This mound presents, as it is approached, the appearance 
of an imposing and enormous structure. It has 95 feet of 
elevation in its highest part, with an average width of 55 
yards on the summit, and a total length of 428 yards, or 
