x879-J 
Peruvian Antiquities . 
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1284 feet, another multiple of twelve. It is enclosed by a 
double wall 816 yards in length by 700 across, thus enclosing 
1 17 acres. Between Ocharan and the ocean are from 15 to 
20 masses of ruins, like those already described. 
Fifteen miles south of Lima, in the valley of Lurin, and 
near the sea, are the ruins of Pacha Camac, the Inca temple 
of the sun. Like the temple of Cholula on the plains of 
Mexico, it is a sort of made mountain or vast terraced 
pyramid of earth. It is between 200 and 300 feet high, and 
forms a semi-lunar shape that is beyond half a mile in ex- 
tent. Its top measures about 10 acres square. Much of 
the walls are washed over with red paint, probably ochre, 
and are as fresh and bright as when centuries ago it was 
first put on. In these walls, in three or four places, are 
niches, apparently of the same shape and size as we see in 
the ruins of Pagan temples. From one side, going towards 
the north, are the relics of a wall, which is covered with 
soot, possibly the remnant of fires to make sacrifices, and 
nothing can better illustrate the conservative tendency of 
the Peruvian climate than the fresh appearance of the soot. 
Prescott says of Pacha Camac that it was to the Peruvians 
what Mecca is to the Mahometan, and Cholula was to the 
Mexican. 
In the Canete valley, opposite the Chincha Guano Islands, 
are extensive ruins. In that region a terra-cotta mask was 
found, similar to that of which there is a drawing in Mr. 
Squiers’s report of his explorations in the State of New 
York, and discovered while excavating for the St. Lawrence 
canal. From the hill called “ Hill of Gold” copper and 
silver pins were taken like those used by ladies to pin 
their shawls ; also, tweezers for pulling out the hair of 
the eyebrows, eyelids, and whiskers, as well as silver 
cups. 
Buried 62 feet under the ground on the Chincha Islands, 
stone idols and water-pots were found, while 35 and 33 feet 
below the surface were wooden idols. Beneath the Guano 
on the Guanapi Islands, just south of Truxillo, and Macabi 
just north, mummies, birds, and birds’s eggs, gold and 
silver ornaments were taken. On the Macabi the labourers 
found some large valuable golden vases, which they broke 
up and divided among themselves, even though offered 
weight for weight in gold coin, and thus have relics of 
greatest interest to the scientist been forever lost. He who 
can determine the centuries necessary to deposit thirty and 
sixty feet of guano on these islands, remembering that since 
the conquest, three hundred years ago, no appreciable 
