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Ancient Glacier Action in the Punjab. 
rMay, 
II. ANCIENT GLACIER ACTION IN THE 
PUNJAB : 
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MR. MATTIEU WILLIAMS’S 
THEORY. 
By Major H. A. Tracey, Royal Artillery, 
Fort Charles, Kinsale, Co. Cork. 
S O enable my readers to trace on the map the country 
alluded to in the following lines, I would remind those 
who have not hitherto had their attention called to it 
that from Calcutta, on India’s eastern border, to Peshawur, 
on its N. W. frontier, runs a road whose solid construction, 
bridges, and embankments rival Rome’s magnificent works 
of the same kind. This Imperial monument of civilisation 
is about 1700 miles in length, and I, who have travelled 
more than 1000 miles along it, bear witness that it is but 
one of many of the grand Imperial highways of India. 
About 170 miles from the Peshawur end of this road lies 
the city of Rawul Pindi, and there branches off a road due 
north towards Cashmir, which in about 50 miles reaches the 
Cashmir frontier, just beyond the town of Murree. 
I was quartered to the N.W. of Murree on a ridge whose 
geographical position is remarkable, and so narrow that at 
the part occupied by my hut I could throw out a tumblerful 
of water that would drain into the Indus from my N.W. 
windows, while from my opposite window the ground fell 
away and drained into the Jhelum. I was, in faCt, on part 
of the aCtual water-shed that the Murree hills form between 
these rivers. It was on shaly rock we were situated, with 
occasional bold limestone bluffs. Our height above the sea 
was 8400 feet. In the autumn of 1876 I had marched fiom 
my eyrie beyond Murree to Rawul Pindi, and in the spring 
of 1877 was camp at a spot 12 miles due south of it. I 
was then about 60 miles due south of Murree, but no longer 
in the “ hills,” being only about 1200 feet above the sea. 
While in camp there I received the number for April, 1 877, 
of the “ Quarterly Journal of Science,” and read the article 
by Mr. Mattieu Williams, on the “ Great Ice Age and 
Origin of the Till.” I only wished I could have offered the 
author an Arab hospitality, and seated him at my tent-door, 
when I would have recounted to him some particulars of 
