Notes . 
L '0(ftober, 
706 
injuries to which farmers and landowners complain, for in a 
paper published in “ Die Chemische Industrie ” on the “ Injury 
to Vegetation by Acid Gases,” Herr R. Hasenclever admits that 
many causes, in addition to the fumes of chemical works, have 
had a deleterious adtion upon trees. He points out that the use 
of coal as fuel, whether in private houses or in mechanical manu- 
factures, &c., has exerted a very devastating adtion upon vegeta- 
tion. The memoir is accompanied by a coloured engraving of 
the leaves of various trees as affedted by acid vapours. German 
observations confirm the view entertained in this country, that 
the plane-tree is distinguished by its power of resisting acids. 
An exhaustive research on the adtion of ozone upon the 
colouring matters of plants has been conducted by Prof. A. R. 
Leeds. The colouring matters of both leaves and flowers of the 
species experimented upon were partly or wholly destroyed by 
ozone ; but Prof. Leeds found that a considerable percentage 
of ozone is required to produce this result, or if such small 
amounts as are obtained in the customary methods of ozonising 
air by phosphorus are employed (1 to 3 m.grms. per litre), a large 
volume of ozonised air must be used, and a considerable interval 
elapse, before bleaching is effedted. 
The Palmella cruenta is a small alga much resembling clotted 
blood. Its colouring matter, palmellin , Dr. T. L. Phipson finds 
to closely resemble haemoglobin. It is, like the latter, insoluble 
in alcohol, ether, benzol, sulphide of carbon, &c., but it dissolves 
in water. It is, further, dichroic ; it is composed of red matter 
united to an albuminoid substance, and is coagulated by alcohol, 
acetic acid, and by the application of heat. Like the colouring 
matter of blood, it produces absorption-bands in the yellow part 
of the spedtrum, though not exadtly in the same position. 
Palmellin easily enters into putrefadtion, giving off a strong 
ammoniacal odour, and, to complete its analogies with the 
colouring matter of blood, it contains iron. 
M. Lami has investigated the comparative influence of milking 
twice or thrice daily. He considers the latter system, other 
conditions being the same, more favourable to the production of 
butter. 
A correspondent of the “ Chemical News ” calls attention to 
the fadt that during the past two years no less than eleven claim- 
ants for recognition as elementary substances have presented 
themselves in that journal, their names being Davyum, Nep- 
tunium, Lavoesium, Mosandrum, “ New Earths,” Philippium, 
Ytterbium, Decipium, Scandium, Norwegium, Uralium. While 
several names in this formidable list are, doubtless, destined to 
stand the test of time, the majority, it is thought, will have to 
join the noble army of “ defundt elements.” Probably only the 
“ fittest ” v/ill survive. And the question is, what delay shall 
occur before mentioning these substances in the instruction of 
