739 
I&79-1 the Natural Duration of Life. 
army, no lawyers, and no paid physicians, every inhabitant 
possessing a knowledge of the laws of life and health. 
Animals are, however, used by this model people. Their 
fleeces are used for clothing, their milk for food, and many 
of them are made to work. The elephant works with an 
intelligence and skill that is almost human, and with a 
power that is superhuman, so that he is one of the most 
useful and faithful, and best-beloved of all the lower ani- 
mals in the land. He is the rival of the horse, which is 
also much cared for, and is bred in a state of great perfec- 
tion for bearing the rider, to which duty he is mainly 
consigned. 
The roads leading from one part of the country to the 
other are maintained in the most perfect efficiency, smooth 
in all parts, and dry as our best asphalte of to-day. Transit 
along these highways on horseback and by velocipede has 
supplanted most other modes of personal conveyance. The 
cost of coal has rendered steam locomotive power very 
limited, while aerial locomotion has replaced steam-propelled 
carriages in a marked degree. But that which has effedled 
the greatest change in respedt to locomotion has been the 
facility with which persons in all parts of the Commonwealth 
can converse by telephone at any distance from each other, 
the a 6i of journeying at a pace above 40 miles an hour being 
considered an unnecessary expenditure of means and phy- 
sical energy. 
In the course of scientific development the philosophers 
of Salutland were led slowly to the demonstration that, in 
every case, crime and insanity are synonymous psychological 
conditions. Descending from the highest insanities to the 
lower and the lowest, they traced out perfedt analogy; they 
detedted that on matters of crime many men and women 
might be mad, while on other matters they were sane, and 
even capable of performing good and useful works. Thus, 
analysing natural fadts, they became in time bold enough to 
adt on what they had learned. The man who can commit 
a crime is insane, and must be treated accordingly. To 
punish such a man in the ordinary meaning of that term is 
to try to cure one crime by committing another, which is 
absurd, and would be an indication of general insanity. So 
the insane man from crime is put with the other insane. 
He is moved with them to a separate colony, where, accord- 
ing to the nature of his offence and the character of his 
affedfion, whether it be deeply hereditary or not hereditary, 
and so on, he is subjected to a seclusion in which he can do 
no one any harm, and to such supervision and improvement 
