758 
(November, 
Notices of Books . 
* kinnor ,’ was a greatly inferior instrument to that which in Ps. cl. 
is thought worthy of mention by the side of a term for the whole 
string power.” It is only natural to suppose that instruments 
bearing the same name must have been greatly improved in the 
course of two thousand years or more. 
The modern bell is shown (p. 142) to have been derived by a 
simple succession of developmental changes from the cymbal. 
The bell of ancient times could hardly be looked upon as a 
musical instrument, but was a mere ornamental appendage, — 
either little cymbals like the jingles on the modern tambourine, 
or like toy bells placed on dog-collars, &c. The bell proper 
appears not to have existed until the Middle Ages, and to have 
originated in Europe. 
The last chapter is devoted to the consideration of Jewish 
vocal music : here the accents appended to the Hebrew text fur- 
nish some evidence, but explanations are conflicting, and modern 
traditions among the Jews of little value. 
Dr. Stainer certainly deserves the thanks of musicians, as well 
as of biblical students, for his painstaking and elaborate researches 
on one of the most difficult subjects within the range of 
Archaeology. 
