Notes. 
762 
[November, 
the Crustaceans, with the chilognathic Myriapods, the nematoid 
worms, &c. The germ in the female ovule is formed under the 
influence of a sort of fecundation exercised by this embryogenous 
cellule which represents the male element. It is always around 
this element that the plastic granulations are deposited. This 
cellule being a primordial male element, we understand that, 
with certain beings and in certain cases, its adtion is not limited 
to the formation of the germ. It may determine, in a manner 
more or less complete, either merely the first phases of the 
development of the ovum or even this development in its en- 
tirety, producing a perfect animal which constitutes partheno- 
genesis. Known fadts prove that in various animal species — 
even Vertebrates — unfecundated eggs have undergone a more or 
less complete development, which, however, in no vertebrate 
species has been found to lead to the development of a perfedt 
animal. Among Invertebrates — such as certain Lepidoptera and 
Hymenoptera ( Cynips , species) — parthenogenesis is far from 
uncommon, and among the Aphides it has become the rule rather 
than the exception. 
An account of the Cephalic Ganglia of Insedts has been pre- 
sented to the Academy of Sciences by M. N. Wagner. The 
sub-oesophagian ganglion governs principally the appendages of 
the mouth, and differs little in its histological strudlure from the 
other nuclei of the ganglionic chain. As for the cerebroid or 
super-oesophagian ganglia, they are the seat of nearly all the 
fundtions of the brain among the Vertebrates. Here are the 
organs of perception, of memory, intelligence, &c. Hence the 
histological structure is more complicated. Towards the centre 
of the ganglion are found three groups of small cellules, disposed 
in stages one above another. The greater or less development 
of these parts of the nervous system coincides with the intel- 
lectual development, and is more manifest in the working ants 
and bees than in the queens, and still more in the males where 
there exist mere rudiments of these organs. 
M. Bacchi has examined the action of sodium phenate in the 
treatment of badterihsemic disease. A drop of blood from a frog 
which had perished of this disease was injected under the skin 
of each of two healthy frogs. A day or two afterwards phenate 
of soda was injedted under the skin of one, whilst the other 
remained without treatment. The former in every case recovered, 
whilst the latter died of badterian blood-disease. 
M. J. Renaut recommends for histological uses a solution of 
eosin and haematoxylin mixed with glycerin. He places in a 
test-glass 1 part by measure of neutral glycerin and the same 
volume of a saturated solution of eosin (aqueous or alcoholic), 
and then drops in haematoxylin prepared according to Boehmer’s 
formula, until the green fluorescence becomes almost impercep- 
