JO Analyses of Boohs. [January, 
by the light of modern science and lastly, “ that fads which 
controvert popular fallacies are nevertheless fadts. ’ 
The question of the existence in the lower animals of an im- 
mortal soul has been purposely avoided, as not admitting of 
scientific demonstration. In the first volume the author, after 
some introductory chapters, — in which we find much to agree 
with, and also much that is doubtful, and, in our opinion, alto- 
gether beside the question, — treats of the dawn of mind in man, 
the mental condition of children and savages, the evolution of 
mind in the ascending zoological scale, the alleged intellectual 
and moral supremacy of man, the inter-relations of instinct and 
reason, and of unsolved problems in the psychology of the 
lower animals. He thence passes to morality and religion, to 
education and its results, to adaptiveness and fallibility, seeking 
everywhere to demonstrate that the mental phenomena observed 
in man and in animals are substantially one and the same in 
kind. . 
In the second volume he deals with the defects and disorders 
of mind in man, and in the lower animals. 
Finally, he draws certain practical conclusions as to the cura- 
bility and treatment of animal insanity. An appendix gives the 
bibliography of the subject, and the scientific names of the 
animals mentioned in the work. 
In so far as Dr. Lindsay is attacking the prejudice of an utter 
difference of kind between man and the rest of the animal 
creation, no reader of the “Journal of Science can doubt that 
we are with him heart and soul. But we have to ask in how far 
has he made out his case, and whether he has succeeded in 
silencing opponents? Here we must admit that we experience 
no little disappointment. We fear that he has not been suffi- 
ciently critical in the selection of authorities. Not to speak of 
certain literary characters whose training has been anything but 
scientific, and whom we may well imagine to be occasionally 
carried away by their feelings, we find occasional references to a 
certain “ Lawson.” As he is mentioned in connexion with New 
Guinea, we fear the author must mean Captain Lawson, who 
invested that island with a fauna totally different from what 
other travellers have there observed, and who ascended a moun- 
tain more than 30,000 feet high in less time than it takes to 
ascend Etna. We should as soon think of quoting as an 
authority Lemuel Gulliver. 
The anecdote, taken from the “ Animal World,” that some old 
rats, finding a young one drowned, “ wiped the tears from their 
eyes with their fore-paws,” requires to be taken with a very large 
grain of salt. The observer must have stood very near to be 
sure that they were weeping. We have also Watson’s story of 
the blind rat led by a companion by means of a stick, a narrative 
fraught with internal improbabilities and certain to break down 
under cross-examination. It must not be forgotten that in 
