228 
Instinct and Mind . 
[April, 
are so-called chemical individuals such as sugar, starch, 
tartaric acid, glycerin, gelatin, albumen, and many more. On 
the other, there are organised bodies, possessing a definite 
structure, and composed of a mixture of two or more of the 
chemical individuals aforesaid. Now there is no a priori 
reason why we should not ultimately be able to produce ar- 
tificially any and every chemical individual which Nature 
affords. But there is no reason to expedl that we can ever 
succeed in forming even the simplest part of any plant or 
animal. Thus we may hope to form artificially albumen, 
with all its natural properties, and to use it as a valuable 
article of diet, but it will never be in our power to manufac- 
ture an egg. We may make the sugar, the tartaric acid, 
and every other compound found in a grape, and by com- 
bining these in the right proportions we may obtain a 
sum-total which shall have the taste, the smell, and the 
physiological adtion of a grape, but we can never give it the 
strudture of a grape. 
Here, then, is a rubicon which we can never cross so long 
as Life approves itself a something distindt from heat, light, 
eledtricity, and all the other phases of force or energy. 
III. INSTINCT AND MIND. 
By S. Billing. 
S HE question whether the charadter of mind found in 
animals and that displayed by man is the same, both 
in its bases and charadteristics, appears to be generally 
interesting j and it must be admitted that with the scientific 
and the quasi scientific the greater number incline to the 
idea that between them there is no specific difference. I 
will attempt to show not only that there is a specific differ- 
ence, but that mind in its true significance has no place with 
the animal : to go further, if man were but an animal it 
would have no place with him. Elsewhere I have con- 
tended* that man is an animal and something more, for he 
has a charadler of intelligence which as an abstradt meta- 
physic may be inferred to be the soul , and herein is the 
* Scientific Materialism and Ultimate Conception. 
