Instinct and Mind . 
[April, 
232 
they do not exist. I do not care to enter upon abstradt 
questions of religious belief, although in some form they 
have their phase in the minds of all men and therefore 
speak of social equities. It is obvious the higher the mental 
abstraaions are carried, the farther mind is removed from 
As'l^define instina or animal mentality, it is direaed to 
sensuous gratification, and has its bases in the senses, and 
thence result emotions and the simulation of reasoning. 
Intelligence is the concentration of all mental aptitudes in 
which arise abstraa principles leading to the contemplation 
of ideal sentiments and sympathies, teaching the exadt rela- 
tion of thing with thing, not only discerning phenomena, 
hut ascertaining their origin and bases, and, by a parallelism 
of principles, adducing mathematical precision and meta- 
physical exaltations. The ice fades from the view; it is a 
sense perception of the phenomenon, but the cause of its 
fading is ascertained by a mental abstraction ; thus we 
should say we perceive effefts, hut by mind we find their 
causes and conclude the distinaive powers of the mind have, 
higher bases than sense gratifications and sense emotions. 
There is another distinction between InstmCt and Mind 
which in the consideration is most important ; even if it 
does not conclude the argument, it marks the line ot de- 
marcation so broadly that it becomes difficult to imagine 
how the boundary is to be passed. This I call the tribal. 
On consideration it will be found that any peculiar charac- 
teristic observed in creatures,— whether it be of a class, 
eenus, species, or variety, — that each member of the parti- 
cular denomination, be it genus, species, or variety, is 
possessed by the communal tribe as an innate inherited 
power. If we take dogs, the species is divided into varieties 
or the genus into species ; whether the proper phrase be 
species or variety, each has its peculiar distmChon-thus, 
the pointer, the gazehound, the shepherd s dog, the re- 
triever &c. The aptitude of each is tribal ; the gazehound 
has not the instindl of the pointer, or the shepherd s dog 
that of the retriever, See. Each variety has the aptitude of 
the instindt without instruction. Whenever tricks are 
taueht to animals the means are either the incitation ot 
annetite or the infliction of pain, the memory of which 
keens the creature steadfast to its teaching, until it becomes 
as it were ingrafted into its nature. The tribal character- 
istic is found in the habits of wild animals; particular 
snecies of birds have the same constructive instinct, and 
varieties of the same species differ in the constructive 
