302 
The Soul : What is it ? 
[May, 
adtivity. Hence his soul, like the body, is not a unitary 
entity, called once for all into existence, but is a something 
perpetually secreted, and as perpetually given off. It per- 
vades the entire system. Each organ has its distinct 
psychogen, all of which, however, are merely differentiations 
of the one primary ovum-psychogen. Further modifications 
take place from time to time, in accordance with the mental 
condition of the man or other animal. It will here be re- 
membered that, according to Haeckel (“Die Heutige 
Entwickelungslehre in Verhaltnis zur Gesammt-wissen- 
schaft ”), all organic matter, if not matter altogether, is 
be-souled. Even the “ plastidules ” — the molecules of 
protoplasm — possess souls. 
In support of the assumption that a volatile something is 
given off from albumen, Prof. Jager gives the following deli- 
cate experiment : — If we prepare, from the blood or the 
flesh of any animal, albumen as pure as possible, and free 
from smell and taste, and treat it with an acid, there appears 
a volatile matter which is perfectly specific, differing in the 
case of each animal species. But this odour varies according 
to the intensity of the chemical adtion. If this is slight we 
perceive the specific “ bouillon odour ” which the flesh of 
the animal in question gives off on boiling. On the con- 
trary, if the readtion is violent, the odour given off is that 
of the excrement of the species. Here, then, we have the 
two main modifications of psychogen, the sympathetic and 
the antipathetic form. 
Dr. O. Schmidt, Professor of Chemistry and Physics at 
the Veterinary College of Stuttgart, has repeated these ex- 
periments upon the brains of animals. The odoriferous 
principle is here evolved much more easily than from egg 
albumen. Immediately on the addition of an acid an 
offensive odour appears, which vanishes as rapidly, and 
cannot be caused to reappear. Nor has it been found pos- 
sible to elicit from brain the more agreeable odour. 
It will doubtless be granted that certain yet unexamined 
specific odours are given off by living animals ; that these 
odours may be repulsive or attradtive to other species ; that 
they may be liberated more abundantly under mental ex- 
citement. But where is the proof that these odours are the 
soul in any condition ? May they not be regarded merely 
as an effedt which psychic emotion, along with other agen- 
cies, produces in and upon the body ? 
We will therefore, though not without misgivings, quote 
an experiment to which Duntsmaier ataches much im- 
portance. He placed in a large wire-work cage a number 
