i88o.] 
Natural Science and Morality. 443 
acid, impure, or tuberculous milk greatly aggravates, and 
renders poisoning with diseased milk from unhealthy cows 
more common than it is popularly known. 
Neimeyer says that the predisposition to consumption is 
strongest in persons of feeble and delicate constitution, and 
especially that children poorly nourished are most subjedt to 
the disease. The children fed on the milk of tuberculous 
cows must, of necessity, suffer in a twofold sense from bad 
food, and poisonous food also. From a seventh to a fifth of 
all deaths are caused by consumption, and nearly half of the 
post mortems show the traces of nutritive disorders from 
which pulmonary consumption proceeds, and “ consumption 
of the bowels ” is the more frequent form of the disease in 
children, as a result of bad food and diseased milk. 
It has always been my aim to be suggestive in my 
papers rather than exhaustive, and, as lawyers say, “ I here 
rest my case.” 
VI. NATURAL SCIENCE AND MORALITY. 
By S. Tolver Preston. 
“I say that Natural Knowledge, in desiring to ascertain the laws 
of comfort, has been driven to discover those of condudt, and to lay 
the foundations of a new morality.” — Huxley, on the Advisableness 
of Improving Natural Knowledge. 
S HE view that happiness must be the standard of mo- 
rality has recurred again and again, as if by inevitable 
logical sequence, to the leaders of thought in all 
time ; and this dodtrine is so well in accordance with the 
most advanced modern ideas that it will not be our task to 
inculcate this maxim here, but rather to attempt to reconcile 
some of the difficulties which appear to beset its universal 
adoption as a standard of morality. 
The grand difficulty that has stood in the way of this has 
been the opinion that the pursuit by the individual of his 
own happiness, or a regard to his own interests, clashes with 
the interests of others, tends to make the individual prey 
upon the rest of society, and is subversive of all harmony 
