1880.J Analyses of Books. 593 
cent, and their number, instead of remaining at the present 
yearly average, would be increased each year by more than two- 
thirds. Multiplying in geometrical progression at this rate, in 
twelve years we should have the entire State covered with inserts 
at one to every square inch of surface. 
Mr. Walsh computes the average damage done by insedts, in 
the State of Illinois, at 20 million dollars yearly. This means 
only about 2s. 4-d. per acre. If in this country we run over the 
injuries occasioned by some few of the better-known of our 
insedt enemies, — such as cockchafers, wireworms, weevils, turnip- 
fleas, cabbage butterflies, aphides, sawflies, &c., without the aid 
of locusts and Colorado beetles, — we shall certainly think Mr. 
Walsh’s estimate within the mark. Prof. Forbes, however, only 
takes the damage at one-half, or 10 million dollars annually. 
On this basis he shows that if the efficiency of the birds could 
be increased by 5 per cent, million dollars would be added to 
the permanent wealth of the State. But the probability is that 
the number of insedts destroyed by birds is far greater. Ac- 
cording to Dr. Brewer a pair of European jays have been found 
to consume half a million caterpillars in bringing up their brood, 
and to devour a million eggs during the winter. A young 
mocking-bird, reared from the nest by Robert Forbes, a nephew 
of the author, ate about 240 red-legged grasshoppers daily. 
Surely, in face of such fadts, the very instindl of self-preserva- 
tion — if it still survives among us — might lead us to suppress 
with some promptitude the bird-shooters, the bird-nesters, and 
the bird-trappers. But we allow the mischief to go on, and 
neither Science nor professional humanitarianism raises a 
protest. 
Rough Notes on the Snake Symbol in India in connection with 
the Worship of Siva. 
Prehistoric Remains of Central India. 
Archceological Notes on Ancient Sculpturings on Rocks in 
Kumaon, India , similar to those found on Monoliths and 
Rocks in Europe. 
Description of Stone Carvings collected in a Tour through the 
Doab from Cawnpore to Mainpuri . By J. H. Rivett- 
Carnac, F.A.S., F.G.S., F.R.A.S., &c. 
These four pamphlets, all reprints from the “ Journal of the 
Asiatic Society of Bengal, are interesting contributions to the 
archaeology of India. 
The cobra is worshipped as Mahades or the Phallus, the- 
emblem of Siva. The author refers to the similarity between 
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