i88o.] Exploration in the Far East . 623 
Celebes has been very thoroughly investigated by Herr von 
Rosenberg. At Ajer-Pannas, on the north-east coast, are 
mineral springs, rich in calcium chloride, and of the tem- 
perature of 171 0 F. For the entertainment of distinguished 
visitors it is customary to capture crocodiles and plunge 
them into the hot water, where they speedily perish. At 
Sumalatta the chief object of interest is the deposit of cop- 
per and iron ores, alternating with auriferous pyrites. 
Latterly the workings have been abandoned, the miners 
have left the district, and the garrison has been removed. 
At Linu is a lake of boiling mud. Here Count Vidua de 
Conzana, a distinguished Italian naturalist, perished mise- 
rably, having fallen into the mud up to his hips. 
The author agrees with Mr. A. R. Wallace in regarding 
Celebes as the terminal point of the Indo-Malayan and the 
beginning of the Austro-Malayan fauna. He mentions 
Cercopithecus cynomolgus as very common in the southern 
part of the island, and extending into the territory of the 
Australian fauna. Cynocephalus nigrescens he considers a 
local variety of C. niger. It is very numerous, and when in 
large bands will sometimes attack a solitary traveller. 
Their presence in Batschian is explained by the fa 6 t that a 
pair of these apes were set at liberty by the grandfather of 
the reigning sultan. Tarsius spectrum is by no means so ugly 
as it is figured by Horsfield in the “ Zoological Researches.” 
A valuable catalogue of the birds of Celebes concludes this 
sedtion. The author’s collections and those of Bernstein 
have added eight species to those given by Wallace. He 
remarks that though the avi-fauna of Celebes is poorer, both 
in species and in brilliant colouration, than those of the 
Moluccas and of New Guinea, it surpasses those of Java, 
Sumatra, and Borneo in the development of certain families, 
especially the parrots, kingfishers, and pigeons. 
On pedestrian tours across the island of Ceram he secured 
a rich harvest of inserts, such as Ornithopteva Priamus, O. 
Remus , and 0 . Hellene, Papilio Codrus , P. Scirpedon, P. Ulys- 
ses, P. Amphytrion, P. Sever us, P. Deiophobus, &c. These 
species haunt the banks of the streams which are filled with 
water-worn stones. Here it appears that he found Mr. A. 
R. Wallace, whose acquaintance he had previously made in 
New Guinea. 
The ethnologist will here find an account ol the Kakean 
League, a secret society which sprang up in the seven- 
teenth century, and whose object is to prevent the spread 
of Christianity and Islamism. The Ceramese are Pan- 
theists. 
VOL. II. (THIRD SERIES). 2 U 
