i88o.J 
The Four Forces in Nature. 
641 
becomes detached from its mother. It then for the first 
time comes in contact with external objects ; its organs 
being complete, all the functions of its economy can be 
carried on, and it enjoys independent existence. The power 
of the brain to control the actions of the voluntary muscles 
is weak at first, and gets strength slowly ; it comes to per- 
fection at adult age. 
We have seen that organic viva exists before animal viva, 
and it may exist after animal viva has ceased. The two 
forces are distinct, and come into aCtion at different periodsc 
When sensation and the power of voluntary motion are 
abolished, animal viva is extinguished, yet the whole circle 
of the organic functions — such as circulation, respiration, 
secretion, excretion — may continue to perform their rightful 
duties. As in the case of apoplexy the greatest intellect 
and the strongest muscles may be rendered powerless, never 
to come into aCtion again, it may totally extinguish animal 
viva, yet the involuntary contractions of the muscles and 
the aCtion of the heart may not be impaired, but rather 
strengthened, and organic viva may go on for days. 
Catalepsy may abolish sensation and volition, and cause 
the muscles to contract and remain fixed, yet the heart con- 
tinues to beat, the pulse to throb, and the lungs to respire, 
and all the organic functions of the body continue in full 
force. 
From the above it will be seen that animal viva may 
perish, both the sensitive and motive portion of it, and yet 
organic viva continue in operation and full force. 
Animals possess three forces, — atomic viva, organic viya, 
and animal viva, — the latter being controlled by the will. 
Will is common both to man and animals, and will and 
mind are not one and the same thing. Animal viva pro- 
duces heat, and heat is a mode of motion. Animal viva is 
therefore a mode of motion. 
Man possesses the four forces — atomic viva, organic viva, 
animal viva (which includes will), and mensic viva (mind). 
This latter motion, although blended with and essential to 
a well-developed man, is independent and distinct from 
organic and animal viva. Organic viva is born at the mo- 
ment of the development of our second force ; animal and 
mensic viva not until a later period. These latter forces are 
feeble at birth, and acquire strength by slow degrees, and 
attain their ultimate perfection (in the case of animal viva 
at adult age) later in life. 
Taking the lowest form of plant-life we find the lowest 
developed form of organic viva, the power of assimilation 
2x2 
