i88i.] 
i55 
Analyses of Books. 
conclude from the symptoms produced the nature of the sub- 
stance administered. Here lies one of the grossest errors of the 
anti-vivisectionists ; they declaim against the barbarity of “ cut- 
ting animals up alive,” and then include under this category 
operations such as those involved in the researches of Pasteur ! 
Herr Jensen raises two questions : — Has man the right to dis- 
pose of the life of animals for his advantage ? and, if this be 
conceded, is the benefit derived from vivisection so great that 
the apparent cruelty of physiologists becomes in reality benevo- 
lence ? The first point, man’s right over the lower animals, he 
considers cannot be proved, but that it can be legitimately called 
in question only by that very rare being the consistent vegetarian, 
who renounces milk “ because it cannot be obtained without 
keeping the cow in an unnatural condition, who allows himself 
to be bitten by a mad dog rather than knock out its brains, who 
looks on calmly while his goods and chattels are gnawed by mice 
and rats, who regards bug- and gnat-bites as justifiable peculiar- 
ities of our earth’s existence, and who does not blame the cook 
if she serves up fragments of cockroaches in his coffee.” Such 
a man, and such only, can logically and consistently denounce 
vivisection ! It is edifying to think that if we “ move on ” in 
the direction we have now for a few years selected, such men 
will form a powerful interest in the State, and may even rule 
over us. Fanatics of all grades are ever ready to join hands 
against rational men. If the anti-vivisectionist reply that he 
objects not so much to the rapid death of animals for man’s 
convenience as to their prolonged existence in a state of mutila- 
tion and pain, the author is ready with an overwhelming answer. 
Throughout Europe there are millions of animals which are 
mutilated for the good of their possessors by means of a painful 
operation, and which for the rest of their lives remain mere 
shadows of their natural selves. Our humanitarians might fur- 
ther see sheep newly-shorn and trembling with cold ; pigs, 
capons, and geese crammed to immobility and suffocation. All 
this torture is inflicted upon millions of unoffending animals for 
the convenience of man. Yet no benevolent society is formed 
to combat the “ horrible sin,” either by sensational pamphlets or 
by stirring up the mob to deeds of violence ! 
The author then proceeds to show that the benefits of vivi- 
section for the present and the future race of mankind, for the 
development of science and of practical medicine, are so great 
that the sacrifice of a few animals must be regarded as, in com- 
parison, utterly insignificant. He reaches the legitimate conclu- 
sion that they who seek to obstruct the progress of science with 
slanderous accusations must belong to one out of two contemp- 
tible classes of beings. 
Passing from defence to attack, Herr Jensen traces the origin 
of the anti-vivisection outcry among the aristocracy and clergy 
of England. He argues that the latter opposed vaccination and 
