i88i.] Physiology of Mind-Reading . 415 
are not in full accord as to the interpretation to be given to 
these experiments, whether, for example, the phenomena 
are due to direct or reflex action, still it must be allowed, by 
all who study this subject experimentally, that thought- 
centres and muscle-centres are near neighbours, if not 
identical. 
In all these experiments it should be observed there is no 
one muscle, there is no single group of muscles, through 
which this tension and relaxation are developed ; it is the 
finger, the hand, the arm, or the whole body, according to 
the method employed. Among the various methods of 
making connection between the subject and operator are 
the following : — 
1. The back of the subject’s hand is held firmly against 
the forehead of the operator, who with his other hand, lightly 
touches the fingers of the subject’s hand. (Brown.) 
This is, undoubtedly, the most artistic of all known 
methods. 
2. The hand of the operator loosely grasps the wrist of 
the subject. 
This is a very inartistic method, and yet great success is 
oftentimes attained by it. 
3. One finger of the operator is applied to one finger of 
the subject, papillae touching papillae. 
This is a modification of the first method ; by it exceed- 
ingly small objects or localities are found. 
4. The operator is connected in the usual way with a third 
party who does not know the locality thought of by the 
subject, but is connected with the subject by the wrist 
(“ double test”). 
In this experiment, which astounded even the best obser- 
vers, the unconscious muscular motion was communicated 
from the subject to the arm of the third party, and through 
the arm of the third party to the operator. 
5. Two, three, or more subjects, who agree on the locality 
to be thought of, apply their hands to the body of the 
operator in front and behind. 
This method is excellent for beginners, and the direction 
is easily found by it ; but it is obviously not adapted for the 
speedy finding of small objects ; it is frequently used by 
ladies. 
6. The hand of the subject lightly rests on the shoulder 
of the operator. 
In all these methods the operator is usually blindfolded, 
so that he may get no assistance from any other source than 
the unconscious muscular action of the subject, 
