614 Analyses of Books. [Odtober, 
Phipson maintained the mono-chromatic character of the light 
of marine animals, but Secchi, on repeating his observations with 
more perfect instruments, found that the light of Lampyris and 
Pyrosoma yielded a continuous specftrum, the red and violet parts 
being, however, very feeble. It is here stated that the phos- 
phorescence does not seem to be under the control of the will of 
the animal. Certain observations made upon inserts do not 
agree with this view, as they appear able to emit their light at 
short rhythmical intervals, or to suppress it altogether if alarmed. 
The subject is by no means thoroughly understood. 
The Popular Science Monthly . September, 1881. 
In this ably-condudted journal there are some articles demanding 
especial notice. 
Dr. F. L. Oswald continues his valuable papers on Physical 
Education. He tells us, however, somewhat strangely that “the 
young of other creatures (than man) are healthier than the 
adults.” We strongly doubt the accuracy of this statement. 
Many species, both animal and vegetable, are difficult to rear, 
though healthy and vigorous enough when once the stage of 
infancy is past. He denounces “Sauerkraut,” and has evidently 
no sympathy with cod-liver oil. 
An article on the “ Increase and Movement of the Coloured 
(more corredtly Negro and Negroid) Population,” by J. Stahl 
Patterson, presents certain conclusions of grave import to the 
whole civilised world. According to the results of the last census 
the negro population of the States is increasing more rapidly 
than the Aryan part of the community in the ratio of 34*8 to 
29*2. This result shows that the assumed tendency of the lower 
races to die out in presence of the superior does not hold good. 
The writer shows that if the rates of increase registered during 
the last decade are continued, in another century the United 
States will be not an Anglo-Saxon, but mainly a negro republic. 
Ahsit omen ! Incidentally he contends that the possession of 
high culture is a surer check on population than the “ positive 
checks ” of Malthus. This is, indeed, the fatal flaw of Malthu- 
sianism. Unless it could be forced upon the lower races, and 
upon the criminal, debilitated and idiotic portions of the higher, it 
must lead to the ultimate suppression of the elite of mankind. 
In an article on the “ Progress of Higher Science Teaching,” 
by W. H. Stone, borrowed from the “ Popular Science Review,” 
the writer seems to overlook the fadt that the old system of 
education erred by fixing the attention of the pupil upon words 
instead of things, and thus failing to train him up in the art of 
observation. Now, Science, if righly taught, makes the pupil 
an observer. 
