742 Sexual Distinctions and Resemblances . [December, 
is not till we came to the warm-blooded animals that these 
relations are reversed. Among birds, save in a few pre- 
datory groups, now no longer placed at the head of the class, 
the male is the larger. This is most strikingly the case in 
the so-called Rasores or Gallinaceous birds, of which the 
common domestic fowl is the type. The case is very similar 
among aquatic birds. Thus the male swan, or “ cob” as he 
is called, is much larger and heavier than the female, or 
“ pen.” 
In the highest vertebrate class — if M. Minot will allow me 
still so to call it — that is, the Mammalia, the superiority of 
the male in bulk, weight, and strength is without exception. 
Nor is this difference in size the only distinction. In the 
male the phenomena of nutrition is more intensified. The 
blood is on the average denser and redder, containing more 
red corpuscules and hsemoglobine, and on the other hand 
fewer white corpuscules and less water. Malassey has even 
proved that man has in a cubic millimetre of blood a million 
more red corpuscules than has woman. Size for size, male 
animals eat more than do the females of the same species. 
I have known not a few men who have been quite uneasy 
concerning the small appetites of their wives or daughters, 
fearing it a sign of illness. It is proved from the experi- 
ence of public charities that it costs more to feed a boy than 
a girl. Yet though women eat less, or, perhaps, for that 
reason they are inclined to eat more frequently. Of this the 
“ five o’clock tea,” intercalated between lunch and dinner, 
is an unwholesome instance. 
With the work of the respiratory organs there is a corre- 
sponding difference. If we take a man and a woman of 
equal stature the capacity of the lungs in the man will 
exceed that of the woman by half a litre, or about 7-8ths of 
a pint. In the human species, according to Quetelet, 
between the ages of fifteen and fifty the female takes one 
inspiration more per minute than does the male, who, how- 
ever, absorbs more oxygen than the female, and at all ages 
excretes more carbonic acid. Hence a hundred men will 
deteriorate the air of, e . g., a ledture-hall or work-room, 
more quickly than will an equal number of women, and will 
consequently require a larger supply of fresh air. The 
temperature of the body is also measurably higher in the 
male sex. 
If we examine the circulatory system, we find the pulse 
less frequent in man than in woman, but the pressure of the 
blood is stronger. The sexual difference of the number of 
pulsations in several species has been determined as follows: 
