882.1 Phrenology and Animal Psychology. 17 
the latter they included “veneration, firmness, conscien- 
tiousness, hope, wonder, ideality, wit, and imitation.” From 
this classification certain corollaries would follow, e.g., that 
all animals, man excepted, differ little mentally among 
themselves, and that if on the phrenological theory each 
faculty of the mind has its seat in some especial portion of 
the brain, then a whole region of the brain present in man 
must be absent in the anthropoid apes, which would 
establish a very striking difference at once recognised by 
the anatomist. 
In the very incomplete state of our knowledge of animal 
psychology, it may not be useless to examine whether the 
sentiments assumed by phrenologists as peculiar to man 
are really and truly absent in the rest of the animal creation. 
For our purpose it will not be necessary to enquire whether 
these sentiments are in their nature simple and elementary, 
or whether any of them may result from the interaction of 
other primitive faculties. 
We will begin at the end of the catalogue. Have the 
lower animals the desire to imitate the actions, manners, 
and gestures of other animals or of man ? Affirmative 
instances are so common and obvious that we cannot well 
understand how the question can be raised by any person 
in possession of eye-sight. Imitation is as decidedly a 
leading or misleading propensity of animals as of men. It 
is distinctly prominent among sheep and monkeys, with the 
difference that a sheep only copies the actions of another 
sheep, whilst the so-called Quadrumana will very cleverly 
imitate the conduCt of such human beings as they have the 
opportunity of observing — a characteristic not recurring with 
equal distinctness in any other mammalian group. I know 
no instance of a dog or a cat being led to eat any unusual 
substance through seeing its master partake thereof. I have, 
however, witnessed two distinct cases of imitation on the 
part of cats. A daughter of mine was waving a sheet of 
paper up and down in front of a fire to dry it, when a 
favourite kitten which was sitting on the hearth and intently 
watching, waved its right fore paw up and down in the very 
same manner. On another occasion a young cat sitting on 
a flight of steps, watched a charwoman who was cleaning 
the flags of the area below. To my surprise the cat began 
to work its fore-paw round and round, imitating the rotatory 
movements of the woman’s arm. 
When a body of hunters dash through a pasture-field 
where cattle are grazing, the latter have been know to join 
VOL. IV. (THIRD SERIES). C 
