1882.] Phrenology and Animal Psychology . 21 
bubble, and by means of a fitful draught let it intermittently 
glide along the floor. He became at once intensely interested, 
but seemed unable to decide whether or no the filmy object 
was alive. At first he was very cautious and followed it 
only at a distance, but as I encouraged him to examine 
the bubble more closely, he approached it evidently with 
much misgiving. After a time, during which I always kept 
at least one bubble on the carpet, he began to gain more 
courage, and became bold enough slowly to approach one of 
the bubbles and nervously to touch it with his paw. The 
bubble, of course, immediately vanished, and I never saw 
astonishment more strongly depicted. On then blowing 
another bubble I could not persuade him to approach it for 
a good while. At last he came and nervously extended his 
p?w with the same result as before. But after this second 
trial nothing would induce him again to approach a bubble, 
and on pressing him he ran out of the room, which no 
coaxing would persuade him to re-enter.” 
Mr. C. G. O’Brien, of Cahirmoyle, County Limerick, 
writing in the same paper, gives also a striking instance of 
the sense of the mysterious in a dog. He says : — “ Our 
terrier, a very queer character and a great warrior, is 
abjedtly superstitious. He will not come near a toy cow 
that lows and turns its head, but watches it at a distance 
with nose outstretched. A vibrating finger glass terrifies 
him ; indeed he has so many superstitions that we often 
make him very miserable by working on his fears.” 
These instances abundantly prove that animals, like man, 
possess a sense of the marvellous. Though somewhat a 
departure from my subject I venture to point out that this 
is at the same time the surest proof of their possession of 
reason ; unless they had some crude conception of an order 
of nature — some power of distinguishing between the 
probable and the improbable — nothing could excite their 
wonder. 
Hope, the next emotion in the list, is easily dispatched. 
Unless dogs or cats hoped to receive scraps why do they 
continue begging ? Unless birds hoped to find to-morrow 
crumbs where some were thrown to-day, why should we find 
them assembled on a winter’s morning around the breakfast- 
room window ? In so doing they give at the same time 
inarticulate expression to their recognition of the law of 
continuity. 
I come to conscientiousness. The lower animals have 
the sentiment of right and wrong, of claims and duties. 
Rooks, for instance, have some rudiments of criminal law. 
