222 On Technical Education . [April, 
hours are very formidable even under the most favourable 
circumstances, for the energy each person possesses is limited, 
and much of the artizan’s energy has to be expended on his 
daily manual labour; consequently, if he has to contend, 
along with exhausted energy, with imperfect training at 
school, it becomes well-nigh hopeless. I have directed atten- 
tion to this subject in my work on Scientific and Technical 
Education, as it is not only important, but one so frequently 
unthought of, or overlooked, by those who have the framing 
of educational schemes for instructing the industrial classes 
in their leisure time. 
Professor Goldwin Smith, in his address to the Social 
Science Association last year, alluded to this subject in con- 
nection with the Cornell University, of which he is one of 
the Professors. In this University manual and mental 
labour are combined: — “The University,” he stated, “had 
succeeded in a general way. But the special plan suggested to 
the mind of its benevolent founder by his own history , of enabling 
poor students to maintain themselves by manual labour while they 
received a University education , must be said to have failed . 
Mental and manual labour draw on the same fund of nervous 
energy, which will rarely suffice for both, and in ordinary 
cases excellence can only be attained by undivided attention 
to study.” 
Although to many workmen the further progress in mental 
studies which require much concentration of thought will, 
after they leave school, be impossible on account of the great 
exhaustion of their energies on their daily labour, yet there 
ought to be evening schools or colleges accessible to work- 
men, so that those of them who are more fortunately situated 
as regards the nature of their employments, might thus have 
opportunities afforded them of pursuing their studies. The 
character of these colleges or schools as regards the subjects 
to be taught, the management of them, &c., will be con- 
sidered further on. Along with the school or college there 
ought to be accessible to the artizan Libraries, Art and 
Technical Museums, and the means of securing Patents 
for inventions ought, by a reform of our Patent Laws, to 
be within the reach of inventors in humble circumstances. 
Good public libraries now exist in almost every English 
town of any importance, but Art and Technical Museums 
have not been supplied or aided by the State in the way they 
ought to have been in the Provincial towns, and if these 
accessories to technical and artistic teaching are wanting, 
much cannot be expected to accrue from merely a good pre- 
liminary education. Much valuable evidence on this and 
