1882.] 
Analyses of Books . 
415 
to the development of scientific culture. The scientific associa- 
tions tend to degrade science, by exhibiting scientific men as 
candidates for applause from assemblies which seek amusement 
and startling results from lectures and experiments. The ad- 
vancement of science is therefore left to comparatively few men, 
who are unregarded and unrewarded.” 
It must be noted that neither the writer himself nor the 
authorities whom he cites speak of the discouragement to re- 
search in England as a feature merely of the past. He and they 
alike speak of the present, and detedl few, very few, signs of any 
change for the better, South Kensington notwithstanding. 
Among the plans suggested for placing research in this country 
upon a footing as advantageous as it occupies in Germany, the 
author enumerates — “ 1st. By founding State laboratories, in which 
discoverers of established repute, supplied with every aid and 
appliance, should be wholly engaged in research in their respective 
subjects, and be paid by the State. 2nd. By founding colleges 
or Professorships of original research in each of the Universities, 
and appointing Professors similarly. 3rd. By founding provin- 
cial colleges or Professorships of research, the funds being raised 
locally by means of subscriptions, donations, and endowments, 
with or without State assistance. 4th. By State or Local aid in 
the form of additional salary to Professors in colleges, to enable 
them to pursue research. 5th. By an extension of the present 
Government grants distributed by the Royal Society. 6th. By 
making it a condition at each of our Universities that every 
student entering for a degree in Science should previously make 
an original research. 7th. By the formation by learned societies 
of Endowment of Research Funds, and makinggrants of money 
therefrom to recognised investigators. 8th. By aid to local in- 
vestigators by Municipal bodies out of the rates. 9th. The 
support of Institutes of Research by private munificence.” The 
author remarks, justly enough, that the chief difficulty to be sur- 
mounted in carrying out any of these schemes is the very general 
ignorance in this country of the value and necessity of research. 
We can carry our examination of this important work no fur- 
ther. It merits the careful consideration of thoughtful men, as 
showing that no amount of elementary education — not even the 
increase in quantity and the improvement in quality of secondary 
technological training — will suffice. All this is well, but if we 
wish to lead the world industrially we must keep in advance in 
original discovery. This objecft the Germans have pursued now 
for the last half century, “ unhasting, unresting,” and the results 
are making themselves felt. It is still not too late if we will 
really arouse ourselves, but how long an opportunity will be given 
us is very doubtful. 
