1882.] Experimentation in Biology . 573 
haps not acquired the art of suicide yet, unfortunately for 
themselves. It may be suggested that, if it is essential to 
keep these living pendulums in captivity, an obscure and in- 
conspicuous site might well be chosen for their residence. 
The references to the tails of gorillas, chimpanzees, and 
ourang-outangs, that occasionally (together with other 
Simian details especially psychological) are reported, are 
traceable to menageries. 
The leading museums require representatives of each spe- 
cies of bird’s egg. The British youth who allows the fall of 
a coin to decide whether he shall make a colledion of birds’ 
eggs or postage-stamps, and then adjourns to the debate- 
room to recite the Kleinian replies, is a typical person. 
The value of the observation of animals during life is now 
being recognised. Those who have access to the “ Philoso- 
phical Transactions ” should read the physiological para- 
graphs in the Kroonian leCture of Dr. Romanes and Prof. 
Cossar Ewart, on the <£ Locomotor System of the Echino- 
dermata,” and examine the elaborate accompanying plates. 
The individuality of the starfish arm was also investigated 
by these authors. The partiality of certain of these animals 
for light was ascertained, with other observations. 
Cuttlefishes, snails, crayfishes, inseCIs, &c., have been 
subjects of vivisection. This word is allowed a comprehen- 
sive meaning in this Article, including emotional pain on the 
one hand, and operation on “ living ” tissue, sentient or 
otherwise, “ section ” or no, on the other hand. It need 
scarcely be remarked that no exhaustive list of biological 
vivisections has been given here ; numerous others could be 
cited in connection with Pangenesis and Hexicology. To 
prevent misconception it must be mentioned that the 
zoophilists have full)' recognised the existence of physiolo- 
gical as distinct from medical experimentation, but, with a 
few instances as exceptions, have habitually conceived such 
physiology as is spoken of as the Institutes of Medicine ; at 
the same time it is obvious that in Biology a physiology of 
organs supplements a physiology of organisms, and, for bio- 
logical purposes, vice versa also. 
Now we come to the point at issue : assume that the 
worth of future zoology depends to some extent, mainly or 
wholly, upon its experimental contributions, what step should 
be taken ? Failure to secure opportunity for investigation 
in this country a specially English school might originate 
elsewhere, but those who watch the anti-viviseCtion move- 
ment know that the continental societies are becoming influ- 
ential. Again, if the English bodies are successful will they 
