642 Studies in Comparative Psychology. [November, 
But the incident is a full proof that brutes possess a sense 
of justice. 
A Mr. W. H. Bodley gives an incident which throws a 
curious light upon the inner life of dogs. He writes con- 
cerning a retriever : — “ Before he came to me he lived where 
another dog of similar size was kept, and on one occasion 
they fought. Having been chastised for this, on future oc- 
casions when they quarrelled they used to swim over a river 
of some breadth, where they could not be interfered with, 
and fight out their quarrel on the other side. What seems 
to me noteworthy in this conduct is the self-restraint mani- 
fested under the influence of passion .” 
Several instances are given of dogs recognising the por- 
traits of their masters, — a faculty which has been denied by 
writers of the Old School. 
Mr. Romanes, as we learn with interest and satisfaction, 
considers that “ the mental life of the Simiadse is of a dis- 
tinctly different type from that of the lower animals, and 
that in their psychology, as in their anatomy, they approach 
most nearly to Homo sapiens He points out, further, that 
these animals have never enjoyed the improving influence of 
hereditary domestication, and regrets that our knowledge of 
the psychology of the anthropoid apes is exceedingly imper- 
fect. One of the most important parts of the entire work is 
a full account of observations made on a brown capuchin 
( Cebus fatuellus) which the author had in his house during 
the winter of 1880-81. Some of the points elicited are ex- 
ceedingly valuable. The power of monkeys to throw objects 
at an enemy, and that with great force and precision, is fully 
established. The monkey in question having got possession 
of a hearth-brush, unscrewed the handle, and after much 
study succeeded in screwing it in again. He practised this 
new accomplishment for some time, and then threw the 
brush aside. “ The desire to accomplish a chosen task 
seems a sufficient inducement to lead him to take any 
amount of trouble. This seems a very human feeling, such 
as is not shown, I believe, by any other animal.” 
We must here close our brief and fragmentary survey of 
a work for which we must bespeak the earnest attention of 
all naturalists. They will find, we think, full proof that the 
lower animals possess real, and not merely “ quasi,” intelli- 
gence. At the same time no one can deny that the subject 
has been hitherto only “ scratched ” on the surface, and that 
much additional study is needed. 
