1882.] 
and their Occurrences. 
727 
“ Macmillan” (s. xxvii.,) ; monarchs in plenty — Nero, 
Caracalla, Trajan, Louis XIII., See. ; and Albert Durer, 
Raphael, Luther, Arkwright (spinning-frame), Alexander, 
Miltiades, &c. This is, of course, relying on what portraits 
we have, — a necessarily imperfeCt source, but sufficient to 
give weight to my assertion. 
This study of the head is extremely interesting, and it is 
significant that the literary patricians of Rome used to place 
the bust of an author amongst his own works, the group 
being incomplete unless the man was seen. 
But to take up another subject. The literary and histo- 
rical student cannot fail to notice how rarely the same name 
re-occurs in history, &c., particularly where a family con- 
nection can be traced ; and when it does happen it is either 
very remote or quite immediate, as father and son, &c. It 
would seem as if a race gradually came to a climax in some 
genius, greater or smaller, and dwindled off again, either 
dying out or beginning again to improve after a relapse. It 
is noticed amongst some carnation growers that many of 
these plants seem to have a “ constitution ” which carries a 
new seedling through a certain number of years, and then it 
dies out, no matter how largely it has been split up by 
layering, &c. But be this so or not, it is, I think, evident 
that this is a faCt with the human species, individually and 
racially. 
Are there two Aquinases, two Dantes, Ariostos, Tassos, 
Machiavellis, Racines, Cervantes, two Chaucers, Marlows, 
Spensers, Shakespeares, Miltons, Blakes, Congreves, New- 
tons, Pepys (!), Shelleys, Lockes, Gibbons, &c. ? No. Each 
race originated in some happy marriage, Sec., culminated,—- 
and was not. 
But there are exceptions : there were two Cromwells, 
equally great geniuses in their day ; but then other families 
must have had their influence through marriage. 
And there are a few others : some may appeal to a line of 
kings, our own for instance. We cannot consider everything 
for want of room and interest. The Saxon line was the 
longest that ever reigned in England, beginning with Cedric 
(519 — 1042), giving us sixteen kings in the direCt male line 
from Egbert to Edward the Confessor. The Plantagenets 
rank next (1154 — 1399)? which line gave in direCt male 
descent twelve kings. 
Let us consider the individual kings who may claim the 
rank of genius, recollecting that such a race has the very 
best possible earthly chance. From the conquering Cedric 
to Egbert is three hundred years. Ina — who is famous for 
